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Cited by 445Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and InhibitionGeochemistry and Elemental AnalysisGeological formations and processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Mg/Ca Ratio and Salinity: Two Controls over Crystallization of Dolomite

Folk, Robert L., Land, Lynton S.·1975·AAPG Bulletin
DOI 10.1306/83d91c0e-16c7-11d7-8645000102c1865d
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Abstract

Carbonate precipitation is governed by both thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. The concentration and ionic composition of natural solutions influence not only the mineralogy of the precipitate, but also the crystal size and habit of both metastable and stable phases. Under marine conditions sparry calcite does not precipitate because of poisoning of sideward crystal growth by Mg, which forces Mg-calcite and aragonite to assume a micritic, steep-rhombic, or fibrous habit. Blocky calcite can form only in low Mg/Ca waters, either from primary meteoric solutions, or where Mg has been removed from marine water by dolomite or clays. In hypersaline environments precipitation is commonly rapid and, together with the high concentrations of foreign ions, it is difficult for dolomite to form because of the precise Ca-Mg ordering required. Instead, aragonite or Mg-calcite crystallizes. Dolomite can form only if the Mg/Ca ratio exceeds 5-10:1, and even then it is aphanitic and poorly ordered. At progressively reduced salinities dolomite is able to nucleate at still lower Mg/Ca ratios, approaching 1:1 in meteoric waters. The absence of foreign ions and slow crystallization, commonly under phreatic conditions, cause both dolomite and calcite to form exquisitely limpid, euhedral rhombs. Thus, dolomite probably forms most readily by a reduction in salinity, particularly in a schizohaline environment (alternating between hypersaline and near-fresh conditions, as in a floodable sabkha or…

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Show all 37 references

Research works printed but not linked: 22

  1. Bourrouilh, 1972, Diagenese recifale: Calcitisation et dolomitisation leur repartition horizontale dans un atoll souleve ile Lifou, Territoire de Nouvelle Caledonie, Paris, Office Recherche Sci. et Tech. Outre-Mer, Cah., ser. geol., 4, 121
  2. Cotecchia, 1955, Influenza dell’acqua marine sulle falde acquifere in zone costiere, con particulare riferimento alle richerche d’acqua sotteranea in Puglia, Geotecnica, 2, 105
  3. Dickey, 1966, Patterns of chemical composition in deep subsurface brines, AAPG Bull., 50, 2472
  4. Folk, 1971, Caliche nodule composed of calcite rhombs, in O. P. Bricker, ed., Carbonate cements, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies Geology, 167
  5. Folk, 1973, Carbonate petrography in the post-Sorbian age, in R. N. Ginsburg, ed., Evolving concepts in sedimentology, Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies Geology, 118
  6. Folk, 1972, Mg/Ca vs salinity; a frame of reference for crystallization of calcite, aragonite, and dolomite (abs.), Geol. Soc. America Abs. with Programs, 4, 508
  7. Folk, Sedimentary and diagenetic fabrics of the schizohaline environment, exemplified by late Paleozoic rocks of Bear Island, Svalbard, Sed. Geology
  8. Fyfe, 1965, The calcite-aragonite problem, in L. C. Pray and R. C. Murray, eds., Dolomitization and limestone diagenesis, Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists Spec. Pub., 13, 3
  9. Halliday, 1961, More dolomite speleothems, Natl. Speleolog. Soc. News, 19, 143
  10. Kinsman, 1965, Gypsum and anhydrite of recent age, Trucial Coast, Persian Gulf, in J. L. Rau, ed., Second symposium on salt, v. 1, Cleveland, Ohio, Northern Ohio Geol. Soc., 302
  11. Klahn, 1928, Susswasserkalkmagnesiagesteine and Kalkmagnesiasusswasser, Chemie der Erde, 3, 453
  12. Kohout, 1967, Ground-water flow and the geothermal regime of the Floridian Plateau, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Socs. Trans., 17, 339
  13. Land, 1970, Phreatic versus vadose meteoric diagenesis of limestones, evidence from a fossil water table: Sedimentology, 14, 175
  14. Land, 1973, Holocene meteoric dolomitization of Pleistocene limestones, North Jamaica: Sedimentology, 20, 411
  15. Leitmeier, 1910, Zur Kenntnis der Carbonate, pt. 1, Die Dimorphie des kohlensauren Kalkes, Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie, 1, 49
  16. Leitmeier, 1915, Zur Kenntnis der Carbonate, pt. 2, Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie, Beilageband, 40, 655
  17. Moore, 1961, Dolomite speleothems, Natl. Speleolog. Soc. News, 19, 82
  18. Sherman, 1947, Dolomitization in certain calcareous soils, Hawaii Agric. Experiment Station Rept., 1944
  19. Shinn, 1965, Recent supratidal dolomite from Andros Island, Bahamas, in L. C. Pray and R. C. Murray, eds., Dolomitization and limestone diagenesis, Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists Spec. Pub. 13, 112
  20. Siedlecka, 1972, Sedimentary and diagenetic fabrics of some late Paleozoic rocks of Bear Island, Svalbard (abs.), Geol. Soc. America Abs. with Programs, 662
  21. Usdowski, 1963, Der Rogenstein des norddeutschen unteren Buntsandsteins, ein Kalkoolith des marinen Faziesbereichs, Fortschr. Geologie Rheinland u. Westfalen, 10, 337
  22. White, 1965, Saline waters of sedimentary rocks, in A. Young and J. E. Galley, eds., Fluids in subsurface environments, AAPG Mem., 4, 342

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Metadata

Authors
Folk, R. L., & Land, L. S.
Affiliations
Austin, Texas 78712
Venue
AAPG Bulletin
Publisher
American Association of Petroleum Geologists AAPG/Datapages
Published
1975-01-01
Volume
59
Issue
1
Pages
60-68
ISSN
  • 0149-1423 (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-9153
DOI
10.1306/83d91c0e-16c7-11d7-8645000102c1865d
OpenAlex
W2132147684
Cited by
445
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
FWCI
7.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
AAPG Bulletin (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Geological formations and processes
Keywords
Mg/Ca ratio, salinity, carbonate precipitation, Mg-calcite, aragonite, sparry calcite, crystal morphology, nucleation, sabkha, hypersaline water, meteoric water, coexisting ions

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