Recalled parental rearing behavior in adult women and men with depressive and anxiety symptoms: findings from a community study
Abstract
Objectives: Addressing the lack of population-based data, the purpose of this representative study was to assess sex- and age-specific associations of maternal and paternal rearing behavior with depressiveness and anxiety controlling for sociodemographic and somatic variables. Methods: 8,175 subjects participating in a population-based study completed standardized questionnaires measuring Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior and distress. Results: Women recalled their fathers as more controlling and warmer, and their mothers as more rejecting than men. Comparisons between age groups (≤ 60 vs. > 60 years) revealed that younger participants recalled more parental control and emotional warmth. In addition to sociodemographic and somatic risk factors, paternal rejection and maternal control were associated with depressiveness and anxiety both for women and men (OR 1.58-1.96; OR 1.37-1.66). Maternal warmth was negatively related to distress (OR 0.66-0.69). Conclusions: Findings suggested sex- and age-specific differences in recalled maternal and paternal rearing behavior. The current results highlighted the important role of recalled parental rearing behavior besides sociodemographic factors and somatic diseases for the occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms across the age groups.
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Those who scored high on anxiety recalled their parents as controlling.
“Those who scored high on depression and anxiety recalled their parents as controlling”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Klein et al. (2020)
Those who scored high on depression recalled their parents as controlling.
“Those who scored high on depression and anxiety recalled their parents as controlling”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Klein et al. (2020)
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A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression
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- Authors
- Klein, E. M., Brähler, E., Petrowski, K., Tibubos, A. N., Burghardt, J., Wiltink, J., Michal, M., Wild, P. S., Schulz, A., Münzel, T., König, J., Lackner, K., Pfeiffer, N., & Beutel, M. E.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2020-09-02
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 243-258
- ISSN
- 1438-3608 (ISSN-L)
- 2196-8349
- OpenAlex
- W3082860425
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- de
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Zeitschrift für psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- maternal care, depression, anxiety, sex differences, age differences, parental rejection, parental control, maternal warmth, childhood adversity, community-dwelling adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Child Rearing, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Fathers, Female, Humans, Male, Mothers, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mental Recall, Residence Characteristics, Sex Factors
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