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Cited by 1,120

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

K‐means clustering: A half‐century synthesis

Steinley, Douglas.·2006·British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology

Abstract

This paper synthesizes the results, methodology, and research conducted concerning the K ‐means clustering method over the last fifty years. The K ‐means method is first introduced, various formulations of the minimum variance loss function and alternative loss functions within the same class are outlined, and different methods of choosing the number of clusters and initialization, variable preprocessing, and data reduction schemes are discussed. Theoretic statistical results are provided and various extensions of K ‐means using different metrics or modifications of the original algorithm are given, leading to a unifying treatment of K ‐means and some of its extensions. Finally, several future studies are outlined that could enhance the understanding of numerous subtleties affecting the performance of the K ‐means method.

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Metadata

Authors
Steinley, D.
Venue
British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2006-05
Volume
59
Issue
1
Pages
1-34
ISSN
  • 0007-1102 (ISSN-L)
  • 2044-8317
OpenAlex
W2160197181
Cited by
1,120
References
12
FWCI
14.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: K‐means clustering: A half‐century synthesis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1348/000711005x48266
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Steinley, D. (2006). K‐means clustering: A half‐century synthesis. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1348/000711005x48266

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.