Cited by 215Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesEmotions and Moral Behavior

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Self‐harm in a mixed clinical population: The roles of self‐criticism, shame, and social rank

Gilbert, Paul., McEwan, Kirsten., Irons, Chris., Bhundia, Rakhee., Christie, Rachael., Broomhead, Claire., Rockliff, Helen.·2010·British Journal of Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1348/014466509x479771

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Abstract

Objectives. This study explored the relationship of forms and functions of self‐criticism, shame, and social rank variables to self‐harm, depression, and anxiety. Design. The study used a questionnaire design. Method. In‐patients and day‐patients ( N = 73) completed a series of questionnaires measuring self‐harm, mood, self‐criticism, shame, and social comparison. Results. Self‐harm was significantly associated with forms and functions of self‐criticism, shame, and feelings of inferiority (low social rank). The self‐persecuting function of self‐criticism was especially linked to self‐harm, depression, and anxiety. Conclusions. This study adds to a growing literature on the importance of recognizing the pathogenic effects of negative self‐critical thoughts and feelings about the self and the value of distinguishing different types of self‐criticism.

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“Gilbert 등의 설명에 의하면 자기비판이 직접 비 자살적 자해행동을 하게 만드는 것은 자기처벌이 아닌 자 기평가나 자기교정을 위한 것일 수 있다[25].”
Influential
Experiential Therapies and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Kress, V. E. W., Whisenhunt, J. L., Stargell, N. A., & McAllister, C. A. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197611272.013.58 · Cited by 1
Self-Criticism in Anger, Aggression, and Violence
Nagy, L. M., Polk, K. E., & Muckerheide, E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31547-3_167 · Cited by 1
Construction and Statistical Validation of a Path Model of the Factors Influencing Non-suicidal Self Injury (NSSI) among Female Adolescents
Chakraborty, A., Dogra, A. K., Paul, R., Mukherjee, A., Karmakar, A., Saha, A. K., & Bhattacharya, J. (2023) · Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1177/09731342231191609 · Cited by 1
“24 The self-persecuting function of self-criticism was especially linked to self-harm, depression, and anxiety.”
Background
Compassion-Focused Therapy and Schizotypy: An Exploration of an Evolution-Informed Biopsychosocial Approach
Gilbert, P. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41788-7_11 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
The Role of Affect Valence and Pain in Differentiating Young Women With and Without Histories of Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury
Denning, D. M., Woods, S. E., Haliczer, L. A., & Dixon–Gordon, K. L. (2025) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.13160 · Cited by 1
An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Self-Compassion and Self-Criticism on Implicit Associations with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury
Nagy, L. M. (2017) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · doi:10.13023/etd.2017.418 · Cited by 1
“NSSI is strongly associated with self-criticism (Gilbert et al., 2010) and individuals who self-injure often report doing so to punish themselves.”
Background
The impact of varieties of shame on disordered eating: Exploring the influence of emotion regulation and self-compassion
Hopkins, T. A. (2016) · Aquila Digital Community (University of Southern Mississippi) · Cited by 1
Self-compassion and emotional responses to interpersonal rejection in individuals with borderline personality features
Northey, L. (2017) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 1
Negative self-evaluation, suicidality and internal threat : exploring the Suicidal Drive Hypothesis for psychosis
Butter, S. (2020) · Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University) · Cited by 1
An Experimental Investigation of How Peer Criticism and Praise Affect Urges for Self-Injury
Haliczer, L. A. (2021) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/17887393 · Cited by 1
“Individuals who engage in NSSI are more highly self-critical than individuals who do not engage in NSSI (Claes, Houben, Vandereycken, Bijttebier, & Muehlenkamp, 2010; Gilbert et al., 2010; Hooley et al., 2010; St. Germain & Hooley, 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Emotion and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Kittila, A. K. (2013) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/3883 · Cited by 1
App-based Mindfulness Training Supported Eudaimonic Wellbeing during the COVID19 pandemicPreprint
de Zavala, A. G. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/sqkf5 · Cited by 1
Transdiagnostic Mechanisms of Emotional Dysregulation and Self-Criticism Between Maternal Invalidation and Internalizing Symptoms: A Parallel Mediation ModelPreprint
Yazib, N. H. M. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5419665/v1 · Cited by 2
Mindfulness, meditation and self-compassion – a clinical psychologist explains how these science-backed practices can improve mental health
Goldsmith, R. E. (2023) · doi:10.64628/aai.sfahggpcs · Cited by 1
Stress, Affect Systems and Eating Pathology in Problematic Weight Regulation
Kupeli, N. (2014) · University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) · doi:10.18745/th.15438 · Cited by 1
“been linked to rank-related constructs such as feelings of inferiority, submissive behaviour and shame (Gilbert et al., 2010).”
Background
My Own Worst Enemy: Exploring Factors that Predict Self-Harm
Loesch, M. A. (2015) · University of North Florida Digital Commons (University of North Florida)
Interpersonal Difficulty, Affective Problems, and Ineffectiveness as Predictors of Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behavior
Marmer, P. L. (2012) · Digital Commons - PCOM (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine)
En psykometrisk utprövning av The Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (LOSC)
Danielsson, G. (2012) · Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)
Shame and resilience among Pakeha New Zealanders
Brennan, S., Robertson, N., & Curtis, C. (2013) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e651092013-084
Can Yoga Aid in the Treatment of Eating Disorders? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brennan, M. A. (2015) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3794128t
An Evolutionary Model of Depression and Anxiety in Medical Students
Shahin, J. (2016) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3nk36d13
Self-Criticism and Responses to Self-Critical Statements: An Investigation of Self-Criticism, Self-Submission, Self-Compassion and Attack-Resistance
Cwinn, E. (2018) · The Atrium (University of Guelph)
Moderating Variables in the Relationship Between Self-Criticism and Depression
Desgagné, G. (2019) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3-wzdh-x983
Self-Destructive Behavior Analysis of Hannah Baker in The Thirteen Reasons Why Novel
Febrita, J., & Sagimin, E. M. (2020) · Jurnal DinamikA · doi:10.18326/dinamika.v1i2.16-32
Exploring the potential of online self-reported and routinely collected electronic healthcare record data in self-harm research
Marchant, A. L. (2020) · Cronfa (Swansea University) · doi:10.23889/suthesis.56821
فعالية التدريب على العطف بالذات في خفض نقد الذات السلبي لدى المتفوقات عقليا من طالبات الثانوية العامة
الفقى, آ. إ. (2018) · Maǧallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-Tarbiyyaẗ Bil-Manṣūraẗ · doi:10.21608/maed.2018.178134
The Musculoskeletal Care of Children Who Self-Harm
Skaggs, K. F., Nelson, D., Luu, M., & Lightdale-Miric, N. (2021) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.21.00463
Self-Criticism in Anger, Aggression, and Violence
Nagy, L. M., Polk, K. E., & Muckerheide, E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98711-4_167-1
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Shame in the Context of Personality and Eating Disorders Patients
Marčinko, D., Bilić, V., Lisak, M. Š., Rudan, D., Mustač, F., & Jakšić, N. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-33013-1_6
Scham und Resilienz: Eine neuseeländische Untersuchung des resilienten Umgangs mit Scham
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Authors: Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Irons, C., Bhundia, R., Christie, R., Broomhead, C., & Rockliff, H.
Corresponding author: Gilbert, Paul.
ORCID: Gilbert, Paul.
McEwan, Kirsten.
Irons, Chris.
Venue: British Journal of Clinical Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2010-11
Volume: 49
Issue: 4
Pages: 563-576
ISSN: 0144-6657 (ISSN-L)
2044-8260
DOI: 10.1348/014466509x479771
OpenAlex: W2030095275
Cited by: 214
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 7.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 53 d)
Locations: British Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Derby Online Research Archive. (University of Derby) (submittedVersion)
ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute for Health and Care Research
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: self-harm, self-criticism, shame, social rank, social comparison, depression, anxiety, inferiority feelings
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Alcoholism, Anxiety Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Dominance-Subordination, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Disorders, Personality Inventory, Phobic Disorders, Psychometrics, Self Concept, Shame, Comorbidity, Self-Injurious Behavior, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult

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Self‐harm in a mixed clinical population: The roles of self‐criticism, shame, and social rank

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