The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self‐harm in a mixed clinical population: The roles of self‐criticism, shame, and social rank
Abstract
Objectives. This study explored the relationship of forms and functions of self‐criticism, shame, and social rank variables to self‐harm, depression, and anxiety. Design. The study used a questionnaire design. Method. In‐patients and day‐patients ( N = 73) completed a series of questionnaires measuring self‐harm, mood, self‐criticism, shame, and social comparison. Results. Self‐harm was significantly associated with forms and functions of self‐criticism, shame, and feelings of inferiority (low social rank). The self‐persecuting function of self‐criticism was especially linked to self‐harm, depression, and anxiety. Conclusions. This study adds to a growing literature on the importance of recognizing the pathogenic effects of negative self‐critical thoughts and feelings about the self and the value of distinguishing different types of self‐criticism.
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“Both low self-esteem [122, 123] and self-criticism [124–127] have been linked to NSSI; poor self-esteem, in particular, appears (along with weak coping strategies) to mediate the relationship between personality pathology and self-injury [128].”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [125]
Citations
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Items 201–215 of 215
Understanding and Responding to Self‐Injury
Paladino, D. A., Gonzalez, L. M., & Watson, J. C. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394347292.ch21
Guilt and shame and its relation to oxytocin in patients with depression and alcohol addiction
Mavrogiorgou, P., Dalhoff, P., & Juckel, G. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06762-y
“Feeling of shame is also characterized by the fact that the emotionally experienced sense of self-worth of the affected person is perceived as deficient [10].”
Imitation, Rivalry, and Escalation: Rethinking Adolescent Self-Harm Through Mimetic Theory
Sweetmore, A. (2025) · Culture Medicine and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s11013-025-09926-3
“Additionally, negative self-perception, self-criticism, and struggles with self-compassion further heighten vulnerability to self-harming behaviours (Gilbert et al., 2010; Selby et al., 2013).”
A Comparison of the Theoretical Models of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Hird, K. (2023) · VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)
‘I was supposed to know better’: therapists’ reflections on their shame and guilt
Goldner, L., & Levy-Schneider, A. (2026) · Reflective Practice · doi:10.1080/14623943.2026.2631421
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“Some studies report higher average levels of dysfunctional self-criticism in women compared to men [45,46], whereas other research has failed to detect significant gender differences in dysfunctional self-criticism [47,48].”
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Nedelmann, S. E., Mannocchi, C., Gazzillo, F., & Kealy, D. (2026) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2026.113868
The Mediating Role of Self‐Control and Shame Between Sensitivity to Punishment and Intimacy
Mirzazade, Z., Dehshiri, G., & Zahraie, S. (2026) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.71543
“Research suggests that although these emotions may co-occur, they have distinct cognitive and motivational underpinnings (Gilbert et al. 2010 ; Lewis 2014 ).”
Zhang, Z. J., Lei, H., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Ling, F., & Zhang, C. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122130
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A cognitive model of moral and nonmoral self-criticism: the role of judgment criteria
Zaccari, V., & Mancini, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1824090
“With regard to the implications of SC or the coping strategies employed, Gilbert notes that people who hate themselves strike out and harm themselves in many ways (Gilbert et al., 2010), predominantly using self-destructive and self-punishing strategies.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Irons, C., Bhundia, R., Christie, R., Broomhead, C., & Rockliff, H.
- Corresponding author
- Gilbert, Paul.
- Venue
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 563-576
- ISSN
- 0144-6657 (ISSN-L)
- 2044-8260
- OpenAlex
- W2030095275
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Derby Online Research Archive. (University of Derby) (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- self-harm, self-criticism, shame, social rank, social comparison, depression, anxiety, inferiority feelings
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Alcoholism, Anxiety Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Dominance-Subordination, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Disorders, Personality Inventory, Phobic Disorders, Psychometrics, Self Concept, Shame, Comorbidity, Self-Injurious Behavior, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult
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