The prevalence and persistence of depression and anxiety following myocardial infarction
Abstract
Objectives. This study was designed to assess the prevalence and persistence of symptoms of depression and anxiety during the first 12 months following acute myocardial infarction (MI). Design and methods. In a prospective study, 288 MI patients were assessed for symptoms of depression and anxiety using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in hospital,2‐15 days following MI, and 4 and 12 months subsequently. Results. During hospitalization, 89 (30.9%) and 75 (26.1%) patients registered elevated BDI scores (≥10) and state anxiety scores (≥40), respectively. The 4 and 12 month prevalence rates were 37.7% and 37.2% for depressive symptoms, and 41.8% and 40.0% for anxious symptoms, respectively. Depression and anxiety were highly co‐morbid, with 51% of patients experiencing significant levels of depressive and anxious symptoms at baseline. More than half the patients with complete BDI and state anxiety data experienced either elevated symptoms of anxiety or depression throughout the first year following MI. Conclusions. Symptoms of depression and anxiety are prevalent, persistent problems during the first year following MI. This study highlights the importance of routine psychological assessment for MI patients both in hospital and after discharge.
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Symptoms of depression and anxiety are common after an acute myocardial infarction (MI).
“Symptoms of depression and anxiety are common after a myocardial infarction (MI).”
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State of the art review: depression, stress, anxiety, and cardiovascular disease
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“Regarding the prevalence of clinically significant anxiety in CHD populations, a prospective study on patients with acute MI showed elevated STAI scores in 27%, 42%, and 40%, respectively, during hospitalisation, after four months and after one year.(149) In another study, 29% of patients were identified with anxiety…”
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“The BDI is a validated self-report instrument that has been used in previous studies of depression and ACS.28 Using a cutoff score of 10, the BDI has a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 79% for diagnosing major depression in patients diagnosed with MI.29 A score of 0 to 4 is consistent with a low-normal level of d…”
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“The prevalence of anxiety and depression in CHF out-patients is similar to that of patients recovering from a myocardial infarction [33]; and for depression, similar to those of hospitalised heart failure patients [4,15,16].”
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“Approximately 8% to 30% of patients with a recent MI report depressive symptoms [1], and 13% to 60% of patients report anxiety symptoms [2], with anxiety often co-occurring with symptoms of depression [3].”
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“found elevated anxiety at 4 and 12 months post-MI and 75% of those with high baseline anxiety continued to experience high levels of anxiety at 4 months and the prevalence of anxiety at 12 months was 40% [17].”
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“Background Symptoms of depression and anxiety are common following a myocardial infarction [1,2].”
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“Coronary artery disease 27 (36) 23 (30) 16 (32) 5 (30) 0.”
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“Moreover, several studies have shown that approximately 50% of patients with depression also show symptoms of anxiety (Lane et al., 2002).”
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“Between 9% and 60% of people who have HF also have depression, which is a relatively high prevalence [4, 5].”
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“9% (Lane et al., 2002).”
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“For instance, among persons with ischemic heart disease (IHD), incident anxiety and depression have each been associated with cardiac events and mortality after acute coronary syndromes (Carney and Freedland, 2003; Doering et al., 2009; Empana et al., 2006; Lane et al., 2002; Shibeshi et al., 2007).”
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“These results are in line with previous studies showing that a majority remain depressed and display stable pattern of depressive symptoms during first year (Kaptein et al., 2006; Lane et al., 2002; Martens et al., 2008).”
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“This results correlate with some researcher reports 31,1% (23), BDI >10 after 4 month 48%(16), after 12 month 37% (22) ; after 6 month 30% , after 18 month 34% (20); after 12 month 30% (22).”
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“However, chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, are important confounders; additionally, it is worth noting that high levels of depressive and related symptomatology are common among people with established chronic diseases (Lane et al., 2002).”
BackgroundGarnefski, N., & Kraaji, V. (2010) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0b013e3181d298ca · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Long-term causal meaning of myocardial infarction
Baldacchino, D. (2010) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2010.19.12.48656 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ghaeli, P., Solduzian, M., Vejdani, S., & Talasaz, A. H. (2018) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/1060028018776608 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“It has been reported that anxiety symptoms are 26% more prevalent in STEMI patients than in individuals without this problem.(6) Therefore, consulting psychiatrists is deemed valuable in the management of patients with STEMI.”
Madsen, M. T., Zahid, J. A., Hansen, C. H., Grummedal, O., Hansen, J. R., Isbrand, A. B., Andersen, U. O., Andersen, L. J., Taskiran, M., Simonsen, E. H., et al. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.09.014 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Gammoh, O., Bjørk, M., Alrob, O. A., Alqudah, A. M., Hani, A. B., & Al‐Smadi, A. M. (2023) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111200 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders and depression are associated with resistant hypertension
Duman, H., Duman, H., Puşuroğlu, M., & Yılmaz, A. Ş. (2023) · Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.17219/acem/166304 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Liprandi, Á. S., Zaidel, E. J., López-Santi, R., Araujo, J. J., González, M. A. B., Busso, J. M., Cabral, L., Camilletti, J., Erriest, J., Flores, R., et al. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9020123 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Knowledge, attitude, and behavior both by patients and physicians may play a role in this finding, as well as psychological aspects of CAD patients after an acute coronary event [51].”
BackgroundThomas, S. A., Friedmann, E., Lee, H.-J., Son, H., Morton, P. G., & the HAT Investigators (2010) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2009.184119 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“In previous studies of hospitalised post-MI patients, depression and anxiety increased at 4 and 12 months after MI.47 This contrasts with the longer-term experience in this study where average depression and anxiety decreased during 2 years of follow-up.”
ResultInfluentialMatters of the heart: Patients’ adjustment to life following a cardiac crisis
So, S. S., & Guardia, J. G. L. (2011) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870441003690456 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Additionally, 40% of patients who have had an MI (Lane et al., 2002) and 34–45% of those who have had a CABG surgery (Andrew, Baker, Kneebone, & Knight, 2000; Rymaszewska, Kiejna, & Hadrys, 2003) experience significant anxiety.”
BackgroundJohnsen, N. F., Jensen, S. N., Christensen, K. B., Pedersen, S. S., Helmark, C., Zwisler, A., & Gislason, G. (2023) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwad180 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lau‐Walker, M., Landy, A., & Murrells, T. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.13177 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lee, I., Wang, J., Lee, W., Lin, S., Fu, C., Liang, K., Hsu, C., & Sheu, W. H. (2017) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2017.01.026 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Influence of the Social Environment on Health Behavior
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Emergency percutaneous coronary intervention and stent implantation: Patients' lived experiences
Simeone, S., Vellone, E., Pucciarelli, G., & Alvaro, R. (2021) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.12623 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Psicología de la salud: algunas reflexiones críticas sobre su qué y su para qué
Piña, J. A., & Rivera, B. M. (2006) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 13 · see citing works
van der Vlugt, M. J., van Domburg, R. T., Pedersen, S. S., Veerhoek, R. J., Leenders, I. M., Pop, G. A. M., ter Keurs, D., Deckers, J. W., Simoons, M. L., & Erdman, R. A. M. (2005) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.03.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In addition, although it may seem puzzling that there was no decrease in the HPPQ scores between baseline and 3 months in the current study, others have also shown that symptoms such as depression and anxiety may persist up to at least 1 year in cardiac patients [1,18].”
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Impact of depressive mood on lifestyle changes in patients with coronary artery disease
Söderman, E., Lisspers, J., & Sundin, Ö. (2007) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/16501977-0064 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The program was an exclusive CAD rehabilitation program and was not originally designed to include special treatment for depression.”
BackgroundInfluentialSohier, L., Dallaire-Habel, S., Turcotte, S., & Foldes‐Busque, G. (2024) · Heart and Mind · doi:10.4103/hm.hm-d-23-00060 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lane, D., Carroll, D., Ring, C., Beevers, D. G., & Lip, G. Y. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Birmingham City Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Carroll, Douglas
- Venue
- British Journal of Health Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-02
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-21
- ISSN
- 1359-107X (ISSN-L)
- 2044-8287
- OpenAlex
- W2033611745
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Journal of Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- myocardial infarction, depression, anxiety, prevalence, symptom persistence, comorbidities, cardiac patients
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