Cited by 385Atmospheric and Environmental Gas DynamicsScientific Measurement and Uncertainty EvaluationGroundwater and Isotope Geochemistry

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Correction for the 17O interference in δ(13C) measurements when analyzing CO2 with stable isotope mass spectrometry (IUPAC Technical Report)

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Brand, Willi A., Assonov, Sergey S., Coplen, Tyler B.·2010·Pure and Applied Chemistry

DOI 10.1351/pac-rep-09-01-05

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Abstract

Measurements of δ( 13 C) determined on CO 2 with an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) must be corrected for the amount of 17 O in the CO 2 . For data consistency, this must be done using identical methods by different laboratories. This report aims at unifying data treatment for CO 2 IRMS by proposing (i) a unified set of numerical values, and (ii) a unified correction algorithm, based on a simple, linear approximation formula. Because the oxygen of natural CO 2 is derived mostly from the global water pool, it is recommended that a value of 0.528 be employed for the factor λ, which relates differences in 17 O and 18 O abundances. With the currently accepted N ( 13 C)/ N ( 12 C) of 0.011 180(28) in VPDB (Vienna Peedee belemnite) reevaluation of data yields a value of 0.000 393(1) for the oxygen isotope ratio N ( 17 O)/ N ( 16 O) of the evolved CO 2 . The ratio of these quantities, a ratio of isotope ratios, is essential for the 17 O abundance correction: [ N ( 17 O)/ N ( 16 O)]/[ N ( 13 C)/ N ( 12 C)] = 0.035 16(8). The equation [δ( 13 C) ≍ 45 δ VPDB-CO2 + 2 17 R / 13 R ( 45 δ VPDB-CO2 – λ 46 δ VPDB-CO2 )] closely approximates δ( 13 C) values with less than 0.010 ‰ deviation for normal oxygen-bearing materials and no more than 0.026 ‰ in extreme cases. Other materials containing oxygen of non-mass-dependent isotope composition require a more specific data treatment. A similar linear approximation is also suggested for δ( 18 O). The linear approximations are easy to implement in a data spreadsheet, and also help in generating a simplified uncertainty budget.

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MethodInfluential
How 17O excess in clumped isotope reference-frame materials and ETH standards affects reconstructed temperature
Saenger, C. P., Schauer, A. J., Heitmann, E. O., Huntington, K. W., & Steig, E. J. (2021) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120059 · Cited by 11
Do drifts deposited adjacent to carbonate platforms record the signal of global carbon isotopic values?
Swart, P., Mackenzie, G., Eberli, G., Lüdmann, T., & Betzler, C. (2019) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/sed.12580 · Cited by 11
“The CO2 gas produced from the carbonate was calibrated using NBS-19 (National Bureau of Standards) corrected for the usual isobaric interferences (Brand et al., 2010) and reported relative to VPDB (Vienna Pee-Dee Belemnite) using the conventional notation.”
Method
“Cold and wet” and “warm and dry” climate transitions at the East Asian summer monsoon boundary during the last deglaciation
Yue, J., Xiao, J., Wang, X., Meckler, A. N., Modestou, S., & Fan, J. (2022) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107767 · Cited by 11
Multiproxy strategy for determining palaeoclimate parameters in the Ruby Ranch Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation
Suarez, M., Knight, J. A., Godet, A., Ludvigson, G., Snell, K., Murphy, L., & Kirkland, J. (2020) · Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp507-2020-85 · Cited by 10
“…19.8 (+4.6) RRR-44B 5 −5.5 −7.4 RRR-44C 5 −5 −8.6 RRR-50A2 5 −5.2 −8.9 0.672 (0.012) −4.79 −9.24 31 (+3.5) RRR-50B2 5 −5.2 −8.8 Temperatures are calculated for Δ47 values corrected to CDES, as described by Dennis et al. (2011), and with Brand et al. (2010) 17O correction and utilizing the acid…”
MethodInfluential
A new insight of the MIS 3 Dansgaard-Oeschger climate oscillations in western Europe from the study of a Belgium isotopically equilibrated speleothem
Peral, M., Marchegiano, M., Verheyden, S., Goderis, S., Helden, T. V., Vanhaecke, F., Acker, T. V., Jia, X., Cheng, H., Fiebig, J., et al. (2024) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108564 · Cited by 9
Clumped isotope reordering kinetics in strontianite and witherite: Experiments and first-principles simulations
Sun, Z., Perez-Beltran, S., Zaheer, W., Defliese, W. F., Banerjee, S., & Grossman, E. L. (2023) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118467 · Cited by 10
Paired Δ47-Δ48 measurements constrain different sources of kinetic isotope effects and quasi-equilibrium signatures in cave carbonates
Parvez, Z. A., El-Shenawy, M., Lucarelli, J., Kim, S.-T., Johnson, K., Wright, K., Gebregiorgis, D., Montanez, I. P., Wortham, B., Asrat, A., et al. (2023) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2023.11.017 · Cited by 9
Dual carbonate clumped isotopes (Δ47-Δ48) constrains kinetic effects and timescales in peridotite-associated springs at the Cedars, Northern California
Parvez, Z. A., Lucarelli, J. K., Matamoros, I. W., Rubi, J., Miguel, K., Elliott, B., Flores, R., Ulrich, R. N., Eagle, R. A., Watkins, J. M., et al. (2023) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2023.06.022 · Cited by 9
Combined use of conventional and clumped carbonate stable isotopes to identify hydrothermal isotopic alteration in cave walls
Temovski, M., Rinyu, L., Futó, I., Molnár, K., Túri, M., Demény, A., Otoničar, B., Dublyansky, Y. V., Audra, P., Polyak, V. J., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12929-4 · Cited by 10
“Influences of temperature and the meteoric water δ18O value on a stalagmite record in the last deglacial to middle Holocene period from southwestern Japan”
Kato, H., Amekawa, S., Hori, M., Shen, C.-C., Kuwahara, Y., Senda, R., & Kano, A. (2021) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106746 · Cited by 9
Recalculation of stable isotope expressions for HCNOS: EasyIsoCalculator
Skrzypek, G., & Dunn, P. J. H. (2020) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.8892 · Cited by 12
Successive and automated stable isotope analysis of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O paving the way for unmanned aerial vehicle‐based sampling
Leitner, S., Hood-Nowotny, R. C., & Watzinger, A. (2020) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.8929 · Cited by 12
Absolute isotope ratios defining isotope scales used in isotope ratio mass spectrometers and optical isotope instruments.
Skrzypek, G., & Dunn, P. (2020) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.8890 · Cited by 9
Exploring the Temperature Dependence of Clumped Isotopes in Modern Porites Corals
Guo, Y., Deng, W., Wei, G., Chen, X., Liu, X., Wang, X., Lo, L., Cai, G., & Zeng, T. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2019jg005402 · Cited by 8
“The 17O correction method of Brand et al. (2010) was used during the data calculation as previous studies (Daëron et al., 2016; Schauer et al., 2016).”
Method
Volcano-Sedimentary Lithium Occurrences in Barstow, California, and Their Related Formation Mechanisms Determined by Stable Isotope Analyses of Carbonates and Clays
Gagnon, C. A., Butler, K. L., Robertson, K., Emproto, C. R., Gans, P. B., Eden, R., Ibarra, D. E., & Benson, T. R. (2025) · Economic Geology · doi:10.5382/econgeo.5174 · Cited by 2
Seep carbonate clumped isotopes revealing ocean warming-induced gas hydrate dissociation
Liu, L., Guan, H., Wu, N.-Y., Chang, B., Chen, F.-Q., Feng, D., & Li, S. (2024) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104439 · Cited by 8
The Ostracod Clumped‐Isotope Thermometer: A Novel Tool to Accurately Quantify Continental Climate Changes
Marchegiano, M., Peral, M., Venderickx, J., Martens, K., García‐Alix, A., Snoeck, C., Goderis, S., & Claeys, P. (2024) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2023gl107426 · Cited by 16
“The raw measured Δ 47 values are processed using the IUPAC Brand's isotopic parameters (Brand et al., 2010; Daëron et al., 2016; Petersen et al., 2019) and converted to the ICDES 90° C scale, using the most recent values for the ETH‐1, ETH‐2, and ETH‐3 carbonate reference materials (Ber-nasconi et…”
Method
Calibration of the carbonate clumped isotope thermometer of land snail shells
Bao, R., Sheng, X., Li, C., Cui, C., Yan, H., Ji, J., & Chen, J. (2023) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121773 · Cited by 8
Transient Deep Ocean Cooling in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean at the Eocene‐Oligocene Transition
Taylor, V., Wilson, P. A., Bohaty, S. M., & Meckler, A. N. (2023) · Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology · doi:10.1029/2023pa004650 · Cited by 10
“We used the IUPAC 17O correction parameters (Brand et al., 2010; Daëron et al., 2016) and all raw data processing was performed using the Easotope software package (John & Bowen, 2016).”
Multiple geochemical, mineralogical and isotopic approaches to constrain the deposition conditions of Gazlıgöl travertines, western Turkey
Mutlu, H., Karabacak, V., Deniz, K., & Erkkila, B. R. (2022) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105260 · Cited by 8
Tracing carbon and nitrogen microbial assimilation in suspended particles in freshwaters
Mena‐Rivera, L., Lloyd, C. E. M., Reay, M. K., Goodall, T., Read, D. S., Johnes, P. J., & Evershed, R. P. (2022) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-022-00915-x · Cited by 9
The burial and exhumation history of the Liuqu Conglomerate in the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, southern Tibet: Insights from clumped isotope thermometry
Ning, Z., Zhang, L., Huntington, K. W., Wang, C., Dai, J., Han, Z., Passey, B. H., Qian, X., & Zhang, J. (2018) · Journal of Asian Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.12.009 · Cited by 8
“Δ47 calculations were made using the methods of Huntington et al. (2009), except that the 17O correction parameters of Brand et al. (2010) were used based on the recommendations of Daëron et al. (2016) and Schauer et al. (2016), with R13 (VPDB) of 0.011180, R17 (VSMOW) of 0.00038475, and the λ…”
MethodInfluential
Clumped isotope measurements reveal aerobic oxidation of methane below the Greenland ice sheet
Adnew, G., Röckmann, T., Blunier, T., Jørgensen, C., Sapper, S., van der Veen, C., Sivan, M., Popa, M. E., & Christiansen, J. (2025) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2024.11.009 · Cited by 7
Linking the oxygen-17 compositions of water and carbonate reference materials using infrared absorption spectroscopy of carbon dioxide
Chaillot, J., Kassi, S., Clauzel, T., Pesnin, M., Casado, M., Landais, A., & Daëron, M. (2024) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122450 · Cited by 9
Fluid-mediated exchange reaction induces clumped isotope resetting: Insights from aragonite dolomitization experiments
Guo, Y.-R., Kong, K., Liu, X., Deng, W.-F., & Wei, G.-J. (2024) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122036 · Cited by 7
Temperature Estimates of Lower Miocene (Burdigalian) Coastal Water of Southern India Using a Revised Otolith “Clumped” Isotope Paleothermometer
Prasanna, K., Ghosh, P., Eagle, R., Tripati, A., Kapur, V., Feeney, R. F., Fosu, B., & Mishra, D. (2021) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2020gc009601 · Cited by 7
Leaf scale quantification of the effect of photosynthetic gas exchange on Δ47of CO2
Adnew, G., Hofmann, M., Pons, T., Koren, G., Ziegler, M., Lourens, L., & Röckmann, T. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93092-0 · Cited by 7
Clumped and oxygen isotopes reveal differential disequilibrium in the formation of carbonates from marine methane seeps
Savard, M., Jautzy, J., Lavoie, D., Dhillon, R., & Defliese, W. (2021) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2021.01.041 · Cited by 7
A robust method for direct calibration of isotope ratios in gases against liquid/solid reference materials, including a laboratory comparison for δ13 C-CH4.
Sperlich, P., Moossen, H., Geilmann, H., Bury, S., Brown, J. C. S., Moss, R., Brailsford, G., & Brand, W. (2020) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.8944 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Modeling the Measurement: Δ47, Corrections, and Absolute Ratios for Reference Materials
Olack, G. A., & Colman, A. S. (2019) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2018gc008166 · Cited by 8
“…were developed (Affek & Eiler, 2006; Huntington et al., 2009) before the 2010 paper describing the new values for the 17O and 18O relationship (Brand et al., 2010) and used the previously accepted values (Gonfiantini et al., 1995) along with the updated value for 13RVPDB (Coplen et al.,…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Impact of nitrate contamination on the analysis of carbon and oxygen isotopes in carbonate and a low-temperature phosphoric acid digestion approach for online sample preparation.
Hu, B., Gao, J.-F., Fan, C., Li, Y.-H., Qin, Y.-J., Zhao, Y., & Tian, Y.-R. (2018) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.8289 · Cited by 7
Temperature dependence of the kinetic isotope effect in -pinene ozonolysis
Gensch, I., Laumer, W., Stein, O., Kammer, B., Hohaus, T., Saathoff, H., Wegener, R., Wahner, A., & Kiendler-Scharr, A. (2011) · doi:10.1029/2011jd016084 · Cited by 7
“[15] The ion currents at mass‐to‐charge ratios m/z 44, 45 and 46 were corrected for the contribution of (17)O‐containing isotopologues [Brand et al., 2010].”
Method
Quantifying the impacts of rainfall and evaporation on Lake Bonneville
Mering, J., Arnold, A. J., Chari, L., Lee, H., Lerback, J., Ajoku, O., Ibarra, D., Nelson, S. T., Farnsworth, A., Valdes, P., et al. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adw4951 · Cited by 6
“Data were processed using the Easotope software using the brand parameter set ( 58 , 59 ).”
Integrated Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy and Biostratigraphy of Cenomanian to Turonian Carbonates from Jordan – An Updated Age Model and Sequence Stratigraphic Correlations with Oman
Chirakal, T., Messaoud, J. H., Alibrahim, A., Ibrahim, K., Grélaud, C., Kalifi, A., Powell, J., & van Buchem, F. (2025) · Cretaceous research (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106207 · Cited by 6
Multistage dolomitization and fluid evolution of the late Ediacaran cap carbonates, Hormuz Complex, Paskhand salt diapir, southern Iran: Insights into the dolomite problem
Adineh, S., Závada, P., Mukherjee, S., Bruthans, J., & Zare, M. (2024) · Marine and Petroleum Geology · doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2024.107228 · Cited by 6
Oexcess17</mml:mrow
Affek, H., Vieten, R., Barkan, E., Levi, Y., Ayalon, A., Bar-Matthews, M., Fishman, E., & Assor, A. (2023) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118366 · Cited by 6
Coevolutions of terrestrial temperature and monsoonal precipitation amounts from the latest Pleistocene to the mid-Holocene in Japan: Carbonate clumped isotope record of a stalagmite
Kato, H., Mori, T., Amekawa, S., Wu, C.-C., Shen, C.-C., & Kano, A. (2023) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121390 · Cited by 6
Clumped isotope geothermometry in Archean mesothermal hydrothermal systems (Augmitto-Bouzan orogenic gold deposit, Abitibi, Québec, Canada): A note of caution and a look forward
Quesnel, B., Jautzy, J. J., Scheffer, C., Raymond, G., Beaudoin, G., Jørgensen, T. R. C., & Pinet, N. (2022) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121099 · Cited by 7
Final report on CCQM-K167: carbon isotope delta measurements of vanillin
Chartrand, M., Chubchenko, I., Dunn, P., Garrido, B., Lu, H., Liu, F.-H., Ogrinc, N., Simsek, A., Fasciotti, M., Goenaga-Infante, H., et al. (2022) · Metrologia · doi:10.1088/0026-1394/59/1a/08004 · Cited by 6
“In the instructions to participants, it was stated that the (17)O correction should be done using the procedure recommended by IUPAC [17].”
Method
Modeling Bioavailability Limitations of Atrazine Degradation in Soils
Chávez-Rodríguez, L., Ingalls, B., Meierdierks, J., Kundu, K., Streck, T., & Pagel, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2021.706457 · Cited by 6
Using Syntectonic Calcite Veins to Reconstruct the Strength Evolution of an Active Low‐Angle Normal Fault, Woodlark Rift, SE Papua New Guinea
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Analytical effects on clumped isotope thermometry: Comparison of a common sample set analyzed using multiple instruments, types of standards, and standardization windows.
Defliese, W., & Tripati, A. (2019) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.8666 · Cited by 6
Practical and theoretical considerations for the determination of δ 13 C VPDB values of methylmercury in the environment
Dunn, P. J. H., Bílsel, M., Şimşek, A., Gören, A. C., Tunç, M., Ogrinc, N., Horvat, M., & Infante, H. G. (2019) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.8453 · Cited by 6
17Oexcess in Devils Hole calcite: an indicator of equilibrium fractionation and paleo moisture sources
Affek, H. P., Barkan, E., Tal, Y., Steidle, S. D., Wendt, K. A., Spötl, C., Edwards, R. L., Fishman, E., & Dublyansky, Y. V. (2025) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119528 · Cited by 6
Insight into climate and hydrology of the late cretaceous western interior basin from clumped isotope Paleothermometry and strontium isotopes
Curley, A. N., Petersen, S., Fricke, H., & Gleason, J. D. (2024) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2024.119180 · Cited by 6
Pervasive calcite veins and cleavage dilation in low-grade metamorphic rocks as a marker of Lower Jurassic rift-basin margins: a signature of microbial colonization
Fabbi, S., Borrelli, M., Innamorati, G., Aldega, L., Daëron, M., Perri, E., & Santantonio, M. (2024) · Marine and Petroleum Geology · doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2024.107115 · Cited by 5
13CH4/12CH4 sensing using Raman spectroscopy.
Petrov, D. V., & Tanichev, A. (2024) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.saa.2024.124253 · Cited by 5
Last Interglacial coastal hydroclimate variability in Bermuda revealed by clumped isotope oyster sclerochronology
Minnebo, L., Winkelstern, I., Zhang, J. Z., & Petersen, S. (2024) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112195 · Cited by 5
Isotopic measurements of carbon dioxide: the role of measurement science and standards
Meija, J. (2023) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-023-05000-2 · Cited by 11
Diagenetic history of calcite fractures in Vaca Muerta shales (Argentina) inferred from paired Δ47 and fluid inclusion geothermometry
Mangenot, X., Larmier, S., Girard, J.-P., Dyja-Person, V., & Eiler, J. M. (2023) · Marine and Petroleum Geology · doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2023.106630 · Cited by 4
Paragenesis of an Ediacaran carbonate-platform phosphorite: Constraints from optical petrography and texture-specific clumped isotope paleothermometry
Sanders, C., Eiler, J. C., & Grotzinger, J. P. (2022) · Sedimentary Geology · doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2022.106316 · Cited by 5

Authors: Brand, W. A., Assonov, S. S., & Coplen, T. B.
Affiliations: Max Planck Society (DE)
European Commission (BE)
United States Geological Survey (US)
ORCID: Brand, Willi A.
Assonov, Sergey S.
Coplen, Tyler B.
Venue: Pure and Applied Chemistry
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Published: 2010-05-26
Volume: 82
Issue: 8
Pages: 1719-1733
ISSN: 0033-4545 (ISSN-L)
1365-3075
DOI: 10.1351/pac-rep-09-01-05
OpenAlex: W2129805855
Cited by: 385
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Pure and Applied Chemistry (publishedVersion)
Joint Research Centre (European Commission) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
Keywords: carbon-13 stable isotopes, carbon dioxide, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, oxygen isotope ratios, uncertainty budget

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Correction for the 17O interference in δ(13C) measurements when analyzing CO2 with stable isotope mass spectrometry (IUPAC Technical Report)

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