The end of the transition paradigm
Abstract
Journal of Democracy - Volume 13, Number 1, January 2002
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Compliance with international rulings varies considerably, as some states disregard international rulings when they conflict with domestic political interests.
“Nevertheless, compliance varies considerably, as some states disregard international rulings when they conflict with domestic political interests (Carothers, 2002).”
From The Role of Law in Strengthening Democratic Governance (2025) · cites this paper as Carothers, 2002
Many emerging democracies adopt democratic legal frameworks without adequately enforcing rights in practice.
“Carothers (2002) critiques the 'transition paradigm,' noting that many emerging democracies adopt democratic legal frameworks without adequately enforcing rights in practice.”
From The Role of Law in Strengthening Democratic Governance (2025) · cites this paper as Carothers (2002)
Cites
Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research
Collier, D., & Levitsky, S. (1997) · World Politics · doi:10.1353/wp.1997.0009 · Cited by 2,132 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
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A third wave of autocratization is here: what is new about it?
Lührmann, A., & Lindberg, S. I. (2019) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2019.1582029 · Cited by 1,528 · see citing works
How “Transitions” Reshaped Human Rights: A Conceptual History of Transitional Justice
Arthur, P. (2009) · Human Rights Quarterly · doi:10.1353/hrq.0.0069 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Remote Control: How the Media Sustain Authoritarian Rule in China
Stockmann, D., & Gallagher, M. E. (2011) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0010414010394773 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Backsliding: Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World
Haggard, S., & Kaufman, R. (2021) · doi:10.1017/9781108957809 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Ufen, A. (2008) · The Pacific Review · doi:10.1080/09512740802134174 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Towards a unified approach to research on democratic backsliding
Jee, H., Lueders, H., & Myrick, R. (2022) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.2010709 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Violent conflicts and state capacity: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Babajide, A., Ahmad, A. H., & Coleman, S. (2021) · Journal of Government and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jge.2021.100019 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Spoerri, M., & Freyberg-Inan, A. (2008) · Journal of International Relations and Development · doi:10.1057/jird.2008.21 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Beck, M. (2016) · Palgrave Communications · doi:10.1057/palcomms.2016.79 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Role of Law in Strengthening Democratic Governance
Rifa’i, I. J., & Abdullah, A. (2025) · Journal of Law and Social Politics · doi:10.46799/jlsp.v3i1.62
- Authors
- Carothers, T.
- Corresponding author
- Carothers, Thomas
- Venue
- Journal of Democracy
- Publisher
- Project MUSE
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-21
- ISSN
- 1045-5736 (ISSN-L)
- 1086-3214
- OpenAlex
- W2167155027
- Cited by
- 2,700
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 167 · 2020: 208 · 2019: 207 · 2018: 167 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 144 · 2015: 120 · 2014: 131 · 2013: 136 · 2012: 108
- FWCI
- 396.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of democracy (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Post-Communist Economic and Political Transition
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Eastern European Communism and Reforms
- Keywords
- transition paradigm, democratization, post-communist transition, democratic consolidation, regime change
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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