The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Theory of Self-Esteem
Abstract
Self-esteem has been conceptualized as an outcome, motive, and buffer, but there is no overall theory of self-esteem. In this article it is suggested that identity theory can provide a theoretical framework for the integration of the various conceptualizations of self-esteem. We suggest that self-esteem is an outcome of, and necessary ingredient in, the self-verification process that occurs within groups, maintaining both the individual and the group. Verification of role identities increases an individual's worth-based and efficacy-based self-esteem. The self-esteem built up by self-verification buffers the negative emotions that occur when self-verification is problematic, thus allowing continued interaction and continuity in structural arrangements during periods of disruption and change. Last, a desire for self-esteem, produced in part through self verification, stabilizes the group because it motivates individuals to form and maintain relationships that verify identities.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
James, W. (1913) · Henry Holt and Company eBooks · doi:10.1037/11059-000 · Cited by 25,226
Econometric Analysis of Panel Data
Baltagi, B. H. (2021) · Springer Texts in Business and Economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53953-5 · Cited by 15,104
Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276 · Cited by 12,910
The Handbook of Social Psychology
Gravatt, A. E., Lindzey, G., & Aronson, F. (1969) · The Family Coordinator · doi:10.2307/582242 · Cited by 12,517
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1978) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(78)90002-4 · Cited by 10,586
Pearlin, L. I., & Schooler, C. (1978) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136319 · Cited by 7,791
Pearlin, L. I., Menaghan, E. G., Lieberman, M. A., & Mullan, J. T. (1981) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136676 · Cited by 6,289 · cited 3×
“Thus, self-esteem has been found to protect the self from “stressors” such as experiences and information that might otherwise prove “harmful” to the self (Longmore & DeMaris 1997;Spencer, Josephs & Steele 1993), distress (Cohen 1959; Coopersmith 1967; Rosenberg 1979), and especially depression (Burke 1991, 1996; Miro…”
BackgroundMethod(1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 5,872
The antecedents of self-esteem
Coopersmith, S. (1965) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,649
Cited by
Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.
Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028931 · Cited by 2,123
Lakey, B., & Orehek, E. (2011) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0023477 · Cited by 931
Do people's self-views matter? Self-concept and self-esteem in everyday life.
Swann, W. B., Chang-Schneider, C., & Larsen McClarty, K. (2007) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.2.84 · Cited by 746
Identity fusion: the interplay of personal and social identities in extreme group behavior.
Swann, W. B., Gómez, Á., Seyle, D. C., Morales, J. F., & Huici, C. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013668 · Cited by 706
Organizational stressors and police performance
Shane, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.05.008 · Cited by 389
Emotional roots of right-wing political populism
Salmela, M., & von Scheve, C. (2017) · Social Science Information · doi:10.1177/0539018417734419 · Cited by 386
Burke, P. J. (2006) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/019027250606900106 · Cited by 380
Self-citationKwang, T., & Swann, W. B. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868310365876 · Cited by 323
Me, My Self, and I(T): Conceptualizing Information Technology Identity and ITS Implications1
Carter, M., & Grover, V. (2015) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2015/39.4.9 · Cited by 320
Stets, J. E., & Serpe, R. T. (2013) · Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0_2 · Cited by 316
Reconceptualizing Agency within the Life Course: The Power of Looking Ahead
Hitlin, S., & Kirkpatrick Johnson, M. (2015) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/681216 · Cited by 269
Racial Identity and Well-Being among African Americans
Hughes, M., Kiecolt, K. J., Keith, V. M., & Demo, D. H. (2015) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0190272514554043 · Cited by 203
Social networking site use and self-esteem: a meta-analytic review
Saiphoo, A. N., Dahoah Halevi, L., & Vahedi, Z. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109639 · Cited by 164
Self-concept clarity: Exploring its role in consumer behavior
Mittal, B. (2015) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2014.11.003 · Cited by 97
Wu, Q., Cao, H., Lin, X., Zhou, N., & Chi, P. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260521993924 · Cited by 60
Schwartzman, J. M., Roth, M. C., Paterson, A. V., Jacobs, A. X., & Williams, Z. J. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231213543 · Cited by 24
“Negative self-esteem, a broad construct that includes pessimistic beliefs and attitudes of self and self-concept (Cast & Burke, 2002), is another transdiagnostic risk factor for depression and adverse mental health outcomes in autistic and non-autistic people (McCauley et al., 2019; van der…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Cast, A. D., & Burke, P. J.
- Venue
- Social Forces
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-03-01
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1041-1068
- ISSN
- 0037-7732 (ISSN-L)
- 1534-7605
- OpenAlex
- W2168380362
- Cited by
- 759
- References
- 73
- FWCI
- 50.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
