The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Divided We Stand: Institutional Sources of Ethnofederal State Survival and Collapse
Abstract
Federal states in which component regions are invested with distinct ethnic content are more likely to collapse when they contain a core ethnic region, a single ethnic region enjoying pronounced superiority in population. Dividing a dominant group into multiple federal regions reduces these dangers. A study of world casesfindsthat all ethnofederal states that have collapsed have possessed core ethnic regions. Thus, ethnofederalism, so long as it is instituted without a core ethnic region, may represent a viable way of avoiding the most deadly forms of conflict while maintaining state unity in ethnically divided countries.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Olson, M. (1965) · doi:10.4159/9780674041660 · Cited by 14,191
The Logic of Collective Action.
Golembiewski, R. T., & Olson, M. (1966) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091298 · Cited by 11,364
Schelling, T. C. (1960) · Cited by 7,672
Kuper, L., & Horowitz, D. L. (1986) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2069338 · Cited by 4,869
Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe
Brubaker, R. (1996) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511558764 · Cited by 2,594
Greenstein, F. I., & Polsby, N. W. (1975) · Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc. eBooks · Cited by 2,305
The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of the Law
Weingast, B. R. (1997) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2952354 · Cited by 1,750
Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration
Lijphart, A. (1980) · Yale University Press eBooks · doi:10.12987/9780300158182 · Cited by 1,266
Hardin, R. (1982) · doi:10.56021/9780801828188 · Cited by 1,230
Federalism: origin, operation, significance
Riker, W. H. (1964) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,221
Cited by
The Architecture of Government: Rethinking Political Decentralization
Treisman, D. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511619151 · Cited by 800
Territorial Autonomy in the Shadow of Conflict: Too Little, Too Late?
CEDERMAN, L.-E., HUG, S., SCHÄDEL, A., & WUCHERPFENNIG, J. (2015) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055415000118 · Cited by 221
Ethnofederalism and the Mismanagement of Conflicting Nationalisms
Roeder, P. G. (2009) · Regional & Federal Studies · doi:10.1080/13597560902753420 · Cited by 206
Must Pluri-national Federations Fail?
McGarry, J., & O'Leary, B. (2009) · Ethnopolitics · doi:10.1080/17449050902738838 · Cited by 171
Metadata
- Authors
- Hale, H. E.
- Venue
- World Politics
- Publisher
- Project MUSE
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 165-193
- ISSN
- 0043-8871 (ISSN-L)
- 1086-3338
- OpenAlex
- W2084912779
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 32
- FWCI
- 29.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Divided We Stand: Institutional Sources of Ethnofederal State Survival and Collapse. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1353/wp.2004.0011
- The paper
- Hale, H. E. (2004). Divided We Stand: Institutional Sources of Ethnofederal State Survival and Collapse. World Politics. https://doi.org/10.1353/wp.2004.0011
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
