State-space models of impulse hemodynamic responses over motor, somatosensory, and visual cortices
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THE PAPER PRESENTS STATE SPACE MODELS OF THE HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE (HR) OF FNIRS TO AN IMPULSE STIMULUS IN THREE BRAIN REGIONS: motor cortex (MC), somatosensory cortex (SC), and visual cortex (VC). Nineteen healthy subjects were examined. For each cortex, three impulse HRs experimentally obtained were averaged. The averaged signal was converted to a state space equation by using the subspace method. The activation peak and the undershoot peak of the oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) in MC are noticeably higher than those in SC and VC. The time-to-peaks of the HbO in three brain regions are almost the same (about 6.76 76 ± 0.2 s). The time to undershoot peak in VC is the largest among three. The HbO decreases in the early stage (~0.46 s) in MC and VC, but it is not so in SC. These findings were well described with the developed state space equations. Another advantage of the proposed method is its easy applicability in generating the expected HR to arbitrary stimuli in an online (or real-time) imaging. Experimental results are demonstrated.
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Current BCI systems do not have ability to decode movement intention, instead use imagination based tasks for control.
“The current BCI systems do not have the ability to decode movement intention, instead they use imagination based tasks for control (Hong and Nguyen, 2014; Khan et al., 2014; Hong et al., 2015).”
From Selectivity and Longevity of Peripheral-Nerve and Machine Interfaces: A Review. (2017) · cites this paper as Hong and Nguyen, 2014
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Self-citationDiagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment via Task-relevant Hemodynamic Responses
Yoo, S.-H., & Hong, K. (2019) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.09.134 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, P., Li, T., Li, Z., Zhang, L., & Gao, F. (2022) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.467943 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The role of fNIRS in assessing motor function: A bibliometric review on extremity applications
Süzen, E., Yardibi, F., Özkan, Ö., Özkan, Ö., Çolak, Ö. H., & Özen, Ş. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000043707 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Optimizing a hemodynamic model in the human motor cortex
Nguyen, H.-D., & Hong, K. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) · doi:10.1109/aim.2015.7222527 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationNguyen, H.-D., & Hong, K. (2015) · International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS) · doi:10.1109/iccas.2015.7364656 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationYaqub, M. A., Bhutta, M. R., Park, J., & Hong, K. (2017) · International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS) · doi:10.23919/iccas.2017.8204394 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationActive brain area identification using EEG-NIRS signal acquisition
Khan, M. J., & Hong, K. (2015) · International Conference on Automation, Cognitive Science, Optics, Micro Electro-Mechanical System, and Information Technology (ICACOMIT) · doi:10.1109/icacomit.2015.7440145 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationCortical activation during voluntary and passive movement of human index finger
Ghafoor, U., Zafar, A., & Hong, K. (2018) · International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationSeparation of the hemodynamic responses in a simultaneous audio-stimuli using ICA: An fNIRS study
Santosa, H., & Hong, K. (2015) · International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS) · doi:10.1109/iccas.2015.7364655 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationClassification of prefrontal and motor cortex initial dips for fNIRS-based-BCI
Zafar, A., Khan, M. J., & Hong, K. (2017) · International Automatic Control Conference · doi:10.1109/cacs.2017.8284261 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationControlling the external device in real-time using eeg brain signals based on eyes states
Nguyen, H.-D., Co, T. N., The, H. H., & Mai, N. N. (2021) · Can Tho University Journal of Science · doi:10.22144/ctu.jen.2021.001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationReduction in Command Generation Time for fNIRS-Based BCI
Khan, M. N. A., Ghafoor, U., Yang, D., & Hong, K. (2022) · Asian Control Conference (ASCC) · doi:10.23919/ascc56756.2022.9828043 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring the Distance Body Temperature in Real-Time based on the Recursive Least Square Estimation
Nguyen, H.-D., Huynh, T.-H., Dai, T.-T., & Tran, T.-N. (2022) · International Conference on Computing Communication Control and automation · doi:10.1109/iccubea54992.2022.10010841 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationFast optical signals during median nerve stimulation by using continuous-wave NIRS
Santosa, H., Huppert, T. J., & Hong, K. (2015) · International Conference on Automation, Cognitive Science, Optics, Micro Electro-Mechanical System, and Information Technology (ICACOMIT) · doi:10.1109/icacomit.2015.7440151
Self-citationBundled-optode method for detection of brain activity in functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Nguyen, H.-D., & Hong, K. (2016) · International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS) · doi:10.1109/iccas.2016.7832450
Self-citationInvestigate the visual merchandising of a fashion store using fNIRS
Liu, X., & Hong, K. (2017) · Chinese Control Conference (CCC) · doi:10.23919/chicc.2017.8029192
Self-citationUtilization of fNIRS signals as feedback for sensory decoding
Bhutta, M. R., Woo, S.-W., Yoo, S.-H., Park, J., & Hong, K. (2017) · International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS) · doi:10.23919/iccas.2017.8204392
Self-citationInitial-dip based identification of the brain area for right-hand finger movement
Zafar, A., Khan, M. J., & Hong, K. (2017) · International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS) · doi:10.23919/iccas.2017.8204391
Self-citationHybrid EEG-fNIRS based quadcopter control using active prefrontal commands
Khan, M. J., Zafar, A., & Hong, K. (2017) · International Automatic Control Conference · doi:10.1109/cacs.2017.8284260
Self-citationKim, P., Kim, H., & Shin, T. J. (2018) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000001177
Zafar, A., Ghafoor, U., Yaqub, M. A., & Hong, K. (2019) · International Symposium on Instrumentation, Control, Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics (ICA-SYMP) · doi:10.1109/ica-symp.2019.8646261
Self-citationCông, N. V., Khuê, N. X., Giàu, H. T., Khoa, N. Đ., Thảo, H. V., Khánh, H. C., Giao, N. T., Nam, T. S., Nguyên, P. Q., & Tarao, M. (2019) · Can Tho University Journal of Science · doi:10.22144/ctu.jsi.2019.121
Hamada, Y., & Kurihara, Y. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22131-6_19
- Authors
- Hong, K.-S., & Nguyen, H.-D.
- Affiliations
- Pusan National University (KR)
- Venue
- Biomedical Optics Express
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2014-05-09
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1778
- ISSN
- 2156-7085 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4052911
- OpenAlex
- W2108596771
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 12.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biomedical Optics Express (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Keywords
- functional near-infrared spectroscopy, hemodynamic response, state-space model, subspace methods, motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, visual cortex, oxyhemoglobin
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