Wearable sensors in intelligent clothing for measuring human body temperature based on optical fiber Bragg grating
Open accessAbstract
Measuring body temperature is considerably important to physiological studies as well as clinical investigations. In recent years, numerous observations have been reported and various methods of measurement have been employed. The present paper introduces a novel wearable sensor in intelligent clothing for human body temperature measurement. The objective is the integration of optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensors into functional textiles to extend the capabilities of wearable solutions for body temperature monitoring. In addition, the temperature sensitivity is 150 pm/°C, which is almost 15 times higher than that of a bare FBG. This study combines large and small pipes during fabrication to implant FBG sensors into the fabric. The law of energy conservation of the human body is considered in determining heat transfer between the body and its clothing. The mathematical model of heat transmission between the body and clothed FBG sensors is studied, and the steady-state thermal analysis is presented. The simulation results show the capability of the material to correct the actual body temperature. Based on the skin temperature obtained by the weighted average method, this paper presents the five points weighted coefficients model using both sides of the chest, armpits, and the upper back for the intelligent clothing. The weighted coefficients of 0.0826 for the left chest, 0.3706 for the left armpit, 0.3706 for the right armpit, 0.0936 for the upper back, and 0.0826 for the right chest were obtained using Cramer's Rule. Using the weighting coefficient, the deviation of the experimental result was ± 0.18 °C, which favors the use for clinical armpit temperature monitoring. Moreover, in special cases when several FBG sensors are broken, the weighted coefficients of the other sensors could be changed to obtain accurate body temperature.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Implanting FBG sensors into fabric by combining large and small pipes reaches a temperature sensitivity of 150 pm/°C, almost 15 times higher than in bare FBG.
“Thus, they reach a temperature sensitivity of 150 pm/°C, which is almost 15 times higher than in bare FBG.”
From The Current State of Optical Sensors in Medical Wearables (2022) · cites this paper as [247]
Cites
Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview
Hill, K. O., & Meltz, G. (1997) · Journal of Lightwave Technology · doi:10.1109/50.618320 · Cited by 3,071 · see citing works
Othonos, A. (1997) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1148392 · Cited by 1,333 · see citing works
Kashyap, R. (1999) · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-372579-0.00007-7 · Cited by 1,210 · see citing works
Sund‐Levander, M., Forsberg, C., & Wahren, L. K. (2002) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1046/j.1471-6712.2002.00069.x · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Optical Fiber Sensors Embedded Into Medical Textiles for Healthcare Monitoring
Grillet, A., Kinet, D., Witt, J., Schukar, M., Krebber, K., Pirotte, F., & Depré, A. (2008) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2008.926518 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Medical Textiles With Embedded Fiber Optic Sensors for Monitoring of Respiratory Movement
Witt, J., Narbonneau, F., Schukar, M., Krebber, K., Jonckheere, J. D., Jeanne, M., Kinet, D., Paquet, B., Depré, A., D’Angelo, L., et al. (2011) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2011.2158416 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Weave Patterned Organic Transistors on Fiber for E-Textiles
Lee, J. B., & Subramanian, V. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices · doi:10.1109/ted.2004.841331 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Measurement of mean skin temperature of clothed persons in cool environments
Nielsen, R., & Nielsen, B. (1984) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00776595 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Gould, P. (2003) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(03)01028-9 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Hum, A. P. J. (2001) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/s1389-1286(00)00185-7 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A Novel Design Method for an Intelligent Clothing Based on Garment Design and Knitting Technology
Li, L., Au, W. M., Li, Y., Wan, K., Chung, J. W. Y., & Wong, K. S. (2009) · Textile Research Journal · doi:10.1177/0040517508096219 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A system for respiratory motion detection using optical fibers embedded into textiles
D’Angelo, L., Weber, S., Honda, Y., et al. (2008) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2008.4650011 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Phase-controlled superimposed FBGs and their applications in spectral-phase en/decoding
Zheng, J., Wang, R., Pu, T., et al. (2011) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.19.008580 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
On the use of FBG sensors for measurement of curing strains in photocurable resins
Karalekas, D. (2008) · Rapid Prototyping Journal · doi:10.1108/13552540810862037 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Chen, J.-R., Tseng, J., Lin, Y., et al. (2008) · Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11814-008-0070-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wearable Sensors for Remote Health Monitoring
Majumder, S., Mondal, T., & Deen, M. (2017) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s17010130 · Cited by 1,375 · see citing works
Medical Smart Textiles Based on Fiber Optic Technology: An Overview
Massaroni, C., Saccomandi, P., & Schena, E. (2015) · Journal of Functional Biomaterials · doi:10.3390/jfb6020204 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
The Current State of Optical Sensors in Medical Wearables
Vavrinsky, E., Esfahani, N. E., Hausner, M., Kuzma, A., Rezo, V., Donoval, M., & Kosnacova, H. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios12040217 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Duarah, R., Torné‐Morató, H., Zhang, G., Amin, Y., Pabast, M., Sharma, N., He, S., Das, M. R., & Pompa, P. P. (2026) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202504419 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Li, H., Yang, H., Li, E., Liu, Z., & Wei, K.
- Affiliations
- Tiangong University (CN)
- Tianjin University of Technology (CN)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Venue
- Optics Express
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2012-05-09
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 11740
- ISSN
- 1094-4087 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2060325297
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 2.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Optics Express (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Keywords
- wearable sensors, smart textiles, fiber Bragg grating, body temperature monitoring, functional textiles, sensor fault tolerance, Cramer's rule
- MeSH terms
- Body Temperature, Clothing, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Equipment Design, Fiber Optic Technology, Humans, Light, Refractometry, Scattering, Radiation, Thermography, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Equipment Failure Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
