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Ultrafast quantum random number generation based on quantum phase fluctuations
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A quantum random number generator (QRNG) can generate true randomness by exploiting the fundamental indeterminism of quantum mechanics. Most approaches to QRNG employ single-photon detection technologies and are limited in speed. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an ultrafast QRNG at a rate over 6 Gbits/s based on the quantum phase fluctuations of a laser operating near threshold. Moreover, we consider a potential adversary who has partial knowledge on the raw data and discuss how one can rigorously remove such partial knowledge with postprocessing. We quantify the quantum randomness through min-entropy by modeling our system and employ two randomness extractors--Trevisan's extractor and Toeplitz-hashing--to distill the randomness, which is information-theoretically provable. The simplicity and high-speed of our experimental setup show the feasibility of a robust, low-cost, high-speed QRNG.
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“To overcome the bandwidth limitation of shot noise-limited homodyne detection, researchers have developed QRNGs based on measuring phase 40 -45 or intensity noise 46,47 of ampli fi ed spontaneous emission(ASE), which is quantum mechanical by nature. 15,48,49”
From Quantum random number generation (2016) · cites this paper as [42]
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Chen, Z., Wang, G., Li, Z., Peng, X., & Guo, H. M. (2017) · IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference · doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2017.8108695 · Cited by 1
Xiang, S., Liu, W., Zhang, X., & Wang, J. (2021) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_at.2021.jtu3a.154 · Cited by 1
X-ray-driven multi-bit quantum random number generator
Lin, G., Feng, H., Li, S., Xie, F., Zhang, Z., Liu, H.-B., & Wei, K. (2024) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.524548 · Cited by 1
A Quantum Technology for Reinforcement Learning on Channel Assignment
Chen, Z., Wang, L., & Xing, C. (2024) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.202300141 · Cited by 1
A hybrid-type quantum random number generator
Ma, H., Wu, Z., Wei, K., Li, R., & Liu, H. (2016) · Chinese Physics B · doi:10.1088/1674-1056/25/5/050304 · Cited by 1
Randomness evaluation of LD phase noise for use as a continuous-variable random-number generator
Tomaru, T. (2019) · OSA Continuum · doi:10.1364/osac.2.002554 · Cited by 1
Zhang, Y., Bao, W., Li, H.-W., Zhou, C. H., Wang, Y., & Jiang, M.-S. (2017) · Chinese Physics Letters · doi:10.1088/0256-307x/34/8/080302
Quantum Applications of the Photon
Vanderwerf, D. F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64316-8_9
Chapter 14: Integrated nanophotonics for multi‒user quantum key distribution networks
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Metadata
- Authors
- Xu, F., Qi, B., Ma, X., Xu, H., Zheng, H., & Lo, H.-K.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Venue
- Optics Express
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2012-05-16
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 12366
- ISSN
- 1094-4087 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2017636475
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 10.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Optics Express (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Random lasers and scattering media
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
- Keywords
- quantum random number generation, quantum phase fluctuations, min-entropy, randomness extractors, post-processing, true randomness
- MeSH terms
- Lasers, Mathematics, Quantum Theory, Random Allocation
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