The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Proposed method for molecular optical imaging
Abstract
We can resolve multiple discrete features within a focal region of m spatial dimensions by first isolating each on the basis of n >/= 1 unique optical characteristics and then measuring their relative spatial coordinates. The minimum acceptable separation between features depends on the point-spread function in the (m + n)d-dimensional space formed by the spatial coordinates and the optical parameters, whereas the absolute spatial resolution is determined by the accuracy to which the coordinates can be measured. Estimates of each suggest that near-field fluorescence excitation microscopy/spectroscopy with molecular sensitivity and spatial resolution is possible.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Theory of Diffraction by Small Holes
Bethe, H. A. (1944) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.66.163 · Cited by 2,607
Single Molecules Observed by Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy
Betzig, E., & Chichester, R. J. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.262.5138.1422 · Cited by 1,262
Self-citationSingle pentacene molecules detected by fluorescence excitation in a p-terphenyl crystal
Orrit, M., & Bernard, J. (1990) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.65.2716 · Cited by 1,042
Near-Field Spectroscopy of the Quantum Constituents of a Luminescent System
Hess, H. F., Betzig, E., Harris, T. D., Pfeiffer, L. N., & West, K. W. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.264.5166.1740 · Cited by 513
Self-citationMechanical detection of magnetic resonance
Rugar, D., Yannoni, C. S., & Sidles, J. A. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/360563a0 · Cited by 395
Position measurement with a resolution and noise-limited instrument
Bobroff, N. (1986) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1138619 · Cited by 375
Ambrose, W. P., Basché, T., & Moerner, W. E. (1991) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.461392 · Cited by 350
Noninductive detection of single-proton magnetic resonance
Sidles, J. A. (1991) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.104757 · Cited by 267
Stark effect on single molecules in a polymer matrix
Orrit, M., Bernard, J., Zumbusch, A., & Personov, R. I. (1992) · Chemical Physics Letters · doi:10.1016/0009-2614(92)86000-8 · Cited by 161
Optical modification of a single impurity molecule in a solid
Basché, T., & Moerner, W. E. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/355335a0 · Cited by 153
Cited by
Hell, S. W. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1137395 · Cited by 2,967
Lattice light-sheet microscopy: Imaging molecules to embryos at high spatiotemporal resolution
Chen, B.-C., Legant, W. R., Wang, K., Shao, L., Milkie, D. E., Davidson, M. W., Janetopoulos, C., Wu, X. S., Hammer, J. A., Liu, Z., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1257998 · Cited by 1,919
Self-citationMichalet, X. (2010) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.82.041914 · Cited by 721
Localization Accuracy in Single-Molecule Microscopy
Ober, R. J., Ram, S., & Ward, E. S. (2004) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(04)74193-4 · Cited by 587
Quantum theory of superresolution for two incoherent optical point sources
Tsang, M., Nair, R., & Lu, X.-M. (2016) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.6.031033 · Cited by 482
Metadata
- Authors
- Betzig, E.
- Venue
- Optics Letters
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 1995-02-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 237
- ISSN
- 0146-9592 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-4794
- OpenAlex
- W1995413508
- Cited by
- 444
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Proposed method for molecular optical imaging. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1364/ol.20.000237
- The paper
- Betzig, E. (1995). Proposed method for molecular optical imaging. Optics Letters. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.20.000237
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.