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Undistorted guided-wave propagation of subpicosecond terahertz pulses
Abstract
We report efficient quasi-optic coupling of a freely propagating beam of terahertz (THz) pulses into a parallel-plate copper waveguide (with a plate separation of 108mum) and subsequent low-loss, single-TEM-mode propagation with virtually no group-velocity dispersion. Undistorted, low-loss propagation of the incoming 0.3-ps FWHM THz pulses was observed within the bandwidth from 0.1 to 4 THz for a length of 24.4 mm. We compare experimentally derived values for the absorption and phase velocity with theory to show consistency. This demonstration is direct proof of the excellent performance of the parallel-plate waveguide as a wideband THz interconnect.
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“During the propagation through the gap between the cylinders the interaction between the THz pulse and the coating is very intense, since this scheme is comparable to a parallelplate waveguide.17,18”
From Highly sensitive terahertz measurement of layer thickness using a two-cylinder waveguide sensor (2010) · cites this paper as [17]
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Heuristic approach to take up the challenge of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for biology
Lavancier, M. (2026) · doi:10.70675/ae6227b6zb5e7z43aczb2dcza96e56b2799e · Cited by 3
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“Nearly undistorted THz-pulse propagation over a distance of centimeters has been demonstrated in metal parallel plate waveguides (PPWG) having 50 -100 m separation between plates [1].”
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Investigation of the lowest-order TE mode of the parallel-plate metal waveguide for terahertz pulses
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Self-citationDielectric-gap-metal waveguides for THz low-loss propagating wave with subwavelength mode width
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“Of course, one can reduce the mode widths of these waveguides, but the corresponding mode losses will increase largely ([3,9,15,19]).”
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“If the waves are propagating along the +z axis, the Maxwell’s equations read(14) ∇t × Et = −μz ∂t , (1)”
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Magnetically tunable terahertz single high-order mode generator
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Self-citationTransmission bleaching and coupling crossover in a split tapered aperture
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“A number of groups have studied a wide variety of waveguides, such as the bare metal waveguides [5], metal tube waveguides [6], parallel-plate metal waveguides [7-8], polymer waveguides [9], plastic solid core porous fibers [10-11], Bragg band-gap fibers [12], low index discontinuity waveguides [13] and porous fibers…”
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Harutyunyan, T., Vardanyan, A., Hakhumyan, A. A., & Nerkararyan, K. V. (2012) · Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences) · doi:10.3103/s1068337212060072 · Cited by 1
Complex Geometry Plasmonic Terahertz Waveguides Created via 3D Printing
Pandey, S. S., Gupta, B., & Nahata, A. (2013) · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2013.cth1k.2 · Cited by 1
Terahertz emission from a two-color plasma filament in a slot waveguide
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Inhibiting the TE1-mode Diffraction Losses in Parallel-Plate Waveguides via Slightly Concave Plates
Mbonye, M. K., Mendis, R., & Mittleman, D. M. (2012) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2012.cm4j.4 · Cited by 1
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Deibel, J. A., Escarra, M. D., & Mittleman, D. M. (2005) · Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference · doi:10.1109/qels.2005.1549091 · Cited by 1
Terahertz Resonance Splitting via Mutual Coupling between Parallel-Plate Waveguide Cavities
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“The vast majority of these applications have used the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode of the waveguide [1].”
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“In the case of single mode propagation, it is straightforward to extract the propagation constant , ( ) and then, apply directly the Eqs (11)-(12) in order to compute the sheet conductivity.”
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Artificial Dielectric Polarizing Beam Splitter for the THz Region
Mendis, R., Nagai, M., Zhang, W., & Mittleman, D. M. (2017) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2017.sm2j.4 · Cited by 1
“As long as the input beam diameter is sufficiently larger than the plate spacing and the interaction path-length is short, this TEM propagation will be a very efficient process [6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationSimulation of Terahertz Multimode Propagation in Parallel Plate Waveguide of Metal
Kaur, S., Kaur, M., Kaur, R., & Kumar, G. (2017) · Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP) · doi:10.1109/wrap.2017.8468570 · Cited by 1
Hollow-core terahertz Bragg waveguide based on a helical support structure
Ding, L.-S., Dong, Z.-Y., Dai, Z., & Chen, M.-Y. (2023) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.506552 · Cited by 1
Investigation of a Low-Loss Transmission Structure for W-Band TWT
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“Numerous studies have reported on various types and structures of MMW waveguides, some of which have already played an important role in fields such as sensing, communication, and imaging [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15].”
Efficient Terahertz Waveguides
Pahlevaninezhad, H., Heshmat, B., & Darcie, T. E. (2011) · European Conference on Optical Communication · doi:10.1364/ecoc.2011.tu.5.lesaleve.1 · Cited by 1
Resolution and sensitivity limits of THz-TDS for research and applications
Grischkowsky, D. (2009) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/icimw.2009.5325535 · Cited by 1
Self-citationTerahertz waveguiding between parallel dielectric films
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Device for Broadband THz Spectroscopy of 1-nL-Volume Samples
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Study of Photonic Crystal Structures by Thz-tds
Zhao, Y. (2006) · SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University) · Cited by 1
Propagation Through Terahertz Waveguides with Photonic Crystal Boundaries
Bingham, A. L. (2007) · SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University) · Cited by 1
Mbonye, M. K., Mendis, R., & Mittleman, D. M. (2010) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo.2010.jwa119 · Cited by 1
Self-citationAvetisyan, Y. H., Makaryan, A. H., Hakopyan, H., & Vodopyanov, K. L. (2010) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo.2010.ctuq2 · Cited by 1
THz Bragg grating in a parallel plate metal waveguide
Bingham, A. L., & Grischkowsky, D. (2005) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1109/cleo.2005.202444 · Cited by 1
Self-citationExperimental and computational investigations of the THz spectra of dipeptide nanotubes
Siegrist, K. M., Pfefferkorn, C. M., Schwarzkopf, A., Podobedov, V. B., & Plusquellic, D. F. (2008) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.780580 · Cited by 1
Metal wire waveguides for broadband terahertz pulses
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Dispersionless terahertz waveguides
Wang, K., & Mittleman, D. M. (2006) · IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting (LEOS) · doi:10.1109/leos.2006.278958 · Cited by 1
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Applications of surface plasmon polaritons in terahertz spectral regime
Zhan, H. (2010) · Rice Research Repository (Rice University)
Time-domain analysis of terahertz propagation on metal wire waveguides
Wang, K., & Mittleman, D. M. (2005) · Optical Terahertz Science and Technology (OTST) · doi:10.1364/otst.2005.mb2
Narrow-Line THz Absorption Spectra of Deoxycytidine and D-Glucose Films in Parallel Plate Waveguides
Laman, N., Harsha, S. S., Grischkowsky, D., & Melinger, J. S. (2007) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1109/cleo.2007.4452450
“The authors have recently developed a technique [1] where the line broadening can be minimized by forming a planar polycrystalline film of the molecules inside a parallel plate waveguide [2] and subsequently cooling the film to liquid nitrogen temperature at 77 K.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationPulse shaping of the intense few-cycle terahertz pulses for nonlinear spectroscopy
Nagai, M., Kamon, Y., Matsubara, E., Minowa, Y., & Ashida, M. (2015) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.2079005
THz transmission spectroscopy to study the oxidation kinetics of nanometer thick copper films
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Investigation of Transmission Losses in a Dielectric Slab Waveguide at Terahertz Frequencies
Ye, L., Zhang, Y., Xu, R., & Lin, W. (2012) · Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics · doi:10.1109/sopo.2012.6270522
“In an attempt to meet the compelling need for useful THz waveguides, various guiding structures have been proposed to guide THz radiation within the last few years, such as metal tubes [7,8], parallel-plate waveguide [9,10], parallel plate dielectric waveguide [11], plastic ribbon waveguide [12], photonic-crystal fibe…”
BackgroundSqueezing THz waves below λ/250 using plasmonic parallel-plate waveguides
Zhan, H., Mendis, R., & Mittleman, D. M. (2010) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/icimw.2010.5612564
Self-citationAn Investigation of Higher Order Modes in Widthwise in Parallel Plate Waveguide
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“In order to transport terahertz radiation effectively, many researches have been reported such as bare metal wires([1,2]), metal tube waveguides ([3]), parallel-plate metal waveguides([4,5]), polymer waveguides([6]), plastic ribbon waveguides([7]), sapphire fibers([8]) and so on; however, the transmission of the terah…”
BackgroundTHz photonics: The synergy of micro-microwaves and quasi-optics
Grischkowsky, D. (2011) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz.2011.6104897
Self-citationNon-invasive method of field imaging in parallel plate waveguides
Iwaszczuk, K., Andryieuski, A. A., Lavrinenko, A. V., Zhang, X., & Jepsen, P. U. (2011) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz.2011.6105148
“The TEM mode of the PPWG is characterized by dispersionless propagation without a cut-off frequency, which makes it extremely useful for THz time domain spectroscopy (TDS) applications [1-3].”
BackgroundPropagation characteristics of THz radiation in hollow elliptical waveguide
Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Wang, D., Bao, W., Liu, M., Lu, D., Zhao, P., Zhang, Z., & Yao, J. (2008) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.821575
“Key words: THz Radiation; Elliptic waveguide; Mode characteristic equation; Propagation characteristics; cutoff wavelengths 1 INTRODUCTION Terahertz radiation has attracted great interest for potential applications in many scientific and technological fields ([1-7]).”
BackgroundLow-loss wedge hybrid plasmonic terahertz waveguide with ultra-small subwavelength mode area
Gui, C., Wang, J., Zhang, Z., Xie, Z., Du, J. L., & Long, Y. (2013) · IEEE Photonics Conference · doi:10.1109/ipcon.2013.6656681
Analysis of a terahertz resonator using an efficient LOD-FDTD method with a PEC boundary condition
Shibayama, J., Ozaki, S., Nakano, H., & Yamauchi, J. (2014) · IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization · doi:10.1109/nemo.2014.6995663
“For guiding THz waves, two parallel metal plates are often used [3].”
MethodCharacterizing the impedance mismatch at the output of a terahertz parallel-plate waveguide
Mbonye, M. K., Mendis, R., & Mittleman, D. M. (2011) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz.2011.6105147
Self-citationTHz radiation in the tapered LiNbO3 ribbon waveguide
Nikoghosyan, A. S., Roeser, H., Мartirosyan, R. М., Chamberlain, J. M., Hakobyan, H. S., Bohr, A., Haslam, D. T., Lopez, J. S., & Stepper, M. (2013) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz.2013.6665777
Guidance properties on the surface of copper and stainless steel wires in terahertz frequency range
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Nanometer-scale vibrational dynamics in biological membranes
Lee, J. W., Mendis, R., & Mittleman, D. M. (2009) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/icimw.2009.5324641
Self-citationThe transition from a TEM-like mode to a plasmon-like mode in a parallel plate waveguide
Liu, J., Mendis, R., & Mittleman, D. M. (2011) · Advanced Photonics · doi:10.1364/sensors.2011.stuc1
Self-citationStudy of the THz Sommerfeld wave on single metal wires
Jeon, T., Zhang, J., & Grischkowsky, D. (2005) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1109/cleo.2005.202446
Self-citationDouble-channel narrowband terahertz filter based on parallel plate waveguide cavities
Chen, L., Gao, C., & Zhu, Y. (2012) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz.2012.6380264
“The parallel plate waveguide (PPWG) is an excellent guiding structure due to low loss transverse electromagnetic (TEM) propagation [3].”
BackgroundWaveguides for Pulsed Terahertz Radiation
Mittleman, D. M. (2012) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2012.cm4j.5
“Since the first THz pulse characterization [2], this waveguiding strategy has been a workhorse system for many research groups.”
BackgroundSubwavelength plastic fiber for terahertz wave guiding
Sun, C., Chen, L., Chen, H., & Lu, J.-Y. (2006) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.687350
“Recently, many metal-based waveguiding techniques, including metal parallel plate [10] and bare metal wire [11-12], were reported to have a much improved attenuation constant compared to other conventional microwave waveguides [13-14] and various dielectric-based waveguides [15-18].”
BackgroundAdiabatic coupling into Terahertz parallel-plate waveguides
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Self-citationTHz near-field imaging based on a tapered parallel-plates
Liu, J., Mendis, R., Sakoda, N., & Mittleman, D. M. (2011) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz.2011.6105087
Self-citationSurface wave propagation on conical metal wire waveguides
Liang, H., Ruan, S., & Zhang, M. (2008) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.821086
Evanescent Wave Coupling in Terahertz Waveguide Arrays
Reichel, K. S., Sakoda, N., Mendis, R., & Mittleman, D. M. (2013) · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2013.cth1k.8
Self-citationNarrow Bandgap Semiconductor Based THz-Emitters
Wilke, I., Sengupta, S., & Dutta, P. S. (2011) · doi:10.1364/cleo_at.2011.jthb107
The Transition from TEM-like Mode to Plasmonic Mode in Finite-width THz Parallel-plate Waveguide
Liu, J. B., Mendis, R., & Mittleman, D. M. (2011) · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2011.cthn6
Self-citationFinite-Element Method Simulations of Guided Wave Phenomena at Terahertz
Deibel, J. A., Escarra, M. D., Berndsen, N., Wang, K., & Mittleman, D. M. (2007)
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy: From proteins to nanostructures
George, P. A. (2009) · eCommons (Cornell University)
Theuer, M., Beigang, R., & Grischkowsky, D. (2010) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/icimw.2010.5612451
“Unlike for typical single-pass measurements, using our new approach employing a THz waveguide [1], its high filling factor can be used to increase the sensitivity considerably.”
MethodSelf-citationFar-Field Radiation Patterns of Terahertz Wire Waveguides
Liang, H., Ruan, S., Zhang, M., & Su, H. (2009) · IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters · doi:10.1109/lawp.2009.2037166
“Many kinds of THz waveguides have been presented, such as metal tubes [1], [2], plastic ribbons [3], fibers [4], [5], photonic crystal fibers [6], and parallel metal plate waveguides [7]–[10].”
BackgroundLow-loss subwavelength THz plastic fibers
Chen, L., Chen, H., Kao, T.-F., Lu, J.-Y., & Sun, C. (2006) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1109/cleo.2006.4627865
“Recently, many metal-based waveguiding techniques, including metal parallel plate [1] and bare metal wire [2,3], were reported to have a much improved attenuation constant compared to other conventional microwave waveguides and various dielectric-based waveguides [4-7].”
BackgroundParallel-plate ladder waveguide for millimeter-wave and terahertz waveguiding
Ahmadi‐Boroujeni, M., & Shahabadi, M. (2011) · IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium digest · doi:10.1109/mwsym.2011.5972711
Terahertz Waveguide Emitters with Subwavelength Confinement
Martl, M., Darmo, J., Unterrainer, K., & Gornik, E. (2009) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo.2009.cthq4
“On the other hand a lot of effort was made to characterize THz waveguides such as circular and rectangular waveguides, parallel plate waveguides (PP-WG) and microstrip waveguides (MS-WG) [4,5].”
BackgroundMethodScientific and Technical Accomplishments of THz Photonics
Grischkowsky, D. (2009) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo.2009.cmx1
Self-citationPhotonic crystal sandwiched in parallel plates as THz waveguide
Armand, D., Koya, S., & Kadoya, Y. (2013) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz.2013.6665672
Observations of 2D THz photonic bandgaps
Zhao, Y., Gong, M., & Grischkowsky, D. (2006) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1109/cleo.2006.4627870
Self-citationTerahertz metal nanofilm waveguides
Liang, H., Ruan, S., Zhang, M., & Su, H. (2011) · International Conference on Electronics and Optoelectronics · doi:10.1109/iceoe.2011.6013194
“[6], parallel metal plate waveguides [ 7 ]-[10], and so on.”
BackgroundEfficient broadband terahertz microstrip waveguide
Shou, X., Agrawal, A., & Nahata, A. (2008) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1109/cleo.2008.4551248
A novel terahertz waveguide: polymer tube
Chen, D. (2010) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.888154
Deibel, J. A., Wang, K., Escarra, M. D., & Mittleman, D. M. (2006) · Digest - IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. International Symposium · doi:10.1109/aps.2006.1711079
“The development of terahertz technology has been limited by the difficulty of engineering effective terahertz waveguides [1-5].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Mendis, R., & Grischkowsky, D.
- Affiliations
- Oklahoma State University (US)
- ORCID
- Grischkowsky, D.
- Venue
- Optics Letters
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2001-06-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 846
- ISSN
- 0146-9592 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-4794
- OpenAlex
- W2070291622
- Cited by
- 456
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 9.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Optics Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Superconducting and THz Device Technology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Keywords
- terahertz pulses, sub-picosecond pulses, parallel-plate waveguide, guided wave propagation, group velocity dispersion, TEM mode, low-loss propagation, phase velocity, absorption
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