The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The GRADE System for Rating Clinical Guidelines
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“The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to rate the quality of the body of evidence presented in this meta-analysis (27).”
From Optimal Dose and Type of Physical Activity to Improve Glycemic Control in People Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
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Citations
Cites
Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock
Rivers, E., Nguyen, B., Havstad, S., Ressler, J., Muzzin, A., Knoblich, B., Peterson, E., & Tomlanovich, M. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010307 · Cited by 10,743 · cited 1×
“, on the basis of the protocol of a commonly cited single-centre study”
BackgroundIntensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients.
Van den Berghe, G., Wouters, P., Weekers, F., Verwaest, C., Bruyninckx, F., Schetz, M., Vlasselaers, D., Ferdinande, P., Lauwers, P., & Bouillon, R. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011300 · Cited by 9,977 · cited 1×
“. No evidence exists for moderate glucose control in this context, whereas the value of tight control was supported by one single-centre randomized controlled trial (RCT)”
BackgroundGrading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
(2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1490 · Cited by 8,477 · cited 5×
“Given also that the GRADE criteria are conveyed as ‘‘explicit and clear’’ [6], there should be little need for intensive methodological consultation from the GRADE group when experts produce guidelines.”
BackgroundInfluentialDellinger, R. P., Levy, M. M., Carlet, J. M., Bion, J., Parker, M. M., Jaeschke, R., Reinhart, K., Angus, D. C., Brun‐Buisson, C., Beale, R. J., et al. (2007) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-007-0934-2 · Cited by 6,789
Intensive versus Conventional Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients
(2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0810625 · Cited by 5,119 · cited 1×
“14) [24].”
Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU
Van den Berghe, G., Wilmer, A., Hermans, G., Meersseman, W., Wouters, P. J., Milants, I., Van Wijngaerden, E., Bobbaers, H., & Bouillon, R. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa052521 · Cited by 3,639 · cited 2×
“, intensive insulin therapy) in most intensive care unit (ICU) patients [18–21].”
BackgroundResultSurviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock
Dellinger, R. P., Carlet, J. M., Masur, H., Gerlach, H., Calandra, T., Cohen, J., Gea‐Banacloche, J., Keh, D., Marshall, J. C., Parker, M. M., et al. (2004) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-004-2210-z · Cited by 3,309
What is ‘quality of evidence’ and why is it important to clinicians?
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Vist, G. E., Falck-Ytter, Y., & Schünemann, H. J. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39490.551019.be · Cited by 3,250
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature
Guyatt, G. H. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.270.17.2096 · Cited by 3,083
Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock
Dellinger, R. P., Carlet, J. M., Masur, H., Gerlach, H., Calandra, T., Cohen, J., Gea‐Banacloche, J., Keh, D., Marshall, J. C., Parker, M. M., et al. (2004) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000117317.18092.e4 · Cited by 3,038 · cited 4×
“In 2004 the SSC guidelines recommended that for serious sepsis, intravenous antibiotic therapy should be rapidly instituted [10]; this guideline was given a grade ‘‘E.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Flagged first, then by citations
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Items 201–246 of 246
A Framework for Maintenance and Scaling of an Evidence-based Guideline Program
Seneski, A., & Stack, A. M. (2019) · Pediatric Quality and Safety · doi:10.1097/pq9.0000000000000153 · Cited by 1
de Melo, A. C., Mendes, A. M., Serra, C., Correr, C. J., Maniero, H. K., Federal, S. D. E. D. S. D. D., Bonfim, J. R. D. A., Paulo, S. M. D. S. D. S., Paulo, I. D. S. D. S. D. E. D. S. D. S., Frade, J., et al. (2020) · Conselho Federal de Farmácia eBooks · doi:10.14450/profar.9786587599007 · Cited by 1
Further reflections on recent updates to perioperative beta-blocker guidelines
Yang, H. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-010-9324-2 · Cited by 1
Beattie, W. S. (2015) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000000870 · Cited by 1
(2010) · Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1097/aci.0b013e32833d232e · Cited by 1
Atkins, C. S. (2013) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)
Le choix des bons critères de jugement : une étape cruciale en épidémiologie périnatale
Benahmed, N., & Alexander, S. (2011) · Revue de médecine périnatale · doi:10.1007/s12611-011-0114-z
Evidence‐Based Medicine and Decision Support
Vasilev, S. A. (2011) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1002/9781118003435.ch2
Edeni, K. (2013) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Greenhawt, M., & Aceves, S. S. (2014) · Current Pediatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s40124-014-0045-9
Lautenschlager, F., Porzsolt, F., & Weiß, M. (2014) · Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · doi:10.9734/bjmmr/2015/14057
“regarding the reliance on single-center RCTs and the lack of trial data for distinct recommendations [37].”
BackgroundSiles, V. F., Bermúdez, L. G., García, E. C., Madriz, J. P. D., & Fernández, J. M. C. (2013) · Revista Médica de la Universidad de Costa Rica · doi:10.15517/rmu.v6i2.8067
A Web Platform and a Decision Model for Computer-Interpretable Guidelines
de Oliveira, T. C. R., Nováis, P., & Neves, J. (2012) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32922-7_21
“In fact, the need for a standardized evidence grading system led to the creation, in the year 2000, of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) [2] project, an initiative for evidence grading.”
BackgroundResources for Hematology On and Off the Web
Sebald-Kinder, S., & Petty, J. (2017) · Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cnc.2017.04.006
Medicina baseada em evidências e saúde mental da mulher
Rocha, R., Rennó, J., Ribeiro, H. L., Cavalsan, J. P., Demarque, R., Cantilino, A., Ribeiro, J. D. A. M., Valadares, G. C., & da Silva, A. G. (2014) · Debates em Psiquiatria · doi:10.25118/2236-918x-4-2-5
Guías chilenas de práctica clínica de tratamiento del tabaquismo, 2017
Gonzalo Valdivia, C., & Sergio Bello, S. (2017) · Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias · doi:10.4067/s0717-73482017000300163
ECHM Consensus Conference and levels of evidence
Sherlock, S. (2017) · Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal · doi:10.28920/dhm47.2.133
Reviews of Science for Science Librarians: Patient Decision Aids
Stankus, T. (2018) · Science & Technology Libraries · doi:10.1080/0194262x.2018.1466758
“…in the scientific and clinical evidence using the GRADE system (Grades ofRecommendationAssessment,Development and Evaluation) as outlined by Kavanagh (2009), with the lowest number (+) indicative of a case study, which may well be reversed or revised upward by subsequent studies, and the…”
MethodEvaluating Surgical Interventions
Doumouras, A. G., & Hong, D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05120-4_6
Mediators, confounders and effectiveness of interventions for medication adherence after stroke
Hill, J. E., Harrison, J., Raj, S., Gregary, B., Timoroksa, A.-M., & Gibson, J. M. E. (2020) · British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjnn.2020.16.sup5.s18
“The review by Bridgwood et al (2018) classified the evidence for the outcome of adherence to be of low-quality using GRADE (Kavanagh, 2009), because the studies included were heterogeneous, had high risk of bias and findings were inconsistent across the studies.”
MethodGuia de prática clínica: sinais e sintomas respiratórios: tosse
de Melo, A. C., Mendes, A. M., Serra, C., Correr, C. J., Silva, H. M., Paiva, C. U. N., Maniero, H. K., Federal, S. D. E. D. S. D. D., Ferreira, J. M., da Saúde, M., et al. (2021) · Conselho Federal de Farmácia eBooks · doi:10.14450/profar.9786587599090 · Cited by 1
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Homętowska, H. (2023) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2023.13.04.020
Kong, H., Wang, S., & Hua, X. (2023) · International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science · doi:10.11648/j.ijbecs.20230903.13
de Carvalho, C. K. L., Dalmedico, M. M., Ioshii, S. O., & Fernandes, B. L. (2024) · Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales · doi:10.55905/revconv.17n.1-505
Psychopharmacology for Pediatric Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders
Skehan, B., Dvir, Y., Feriante, J., & Lorberg, B. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57472-6_18
Psychopharmacology for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder
Hobbs, E., Reed, R., Dorfman, J., & Robb, A. S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57472-6_17
Introduction to the Fundamentals of Pediatric Psychopharmacology
Strange, M., & Althoff, R. R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57472-6_1
Evaluating Surgical Interventions
McKechnie, T., Lee, Y., Doumouras, A. G., & Hong, D. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87083-5_6
Dumitru, A., Wijnberg, L., & Brett, C. E. (2025) · Mental Health Science · doi:10.1002/mhs2.70031
Primary Bladder Neck Obstruction in Women: A Systematic Review
Schwartz, D. J., Parkinson, M., & Brucker, B. M. (2025) · Current Urology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11934-025-01295-z
“Levels of quality of evidence were adapted from the 2004 GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) guidelines [25 ].”
Sanguino-Jaramillo, M., Domínguez-Vargas, A., Galeano-Lopez, J., & Cavadía-Carrascal, G. (2025) · Journal Français d Ophtalmologie · doi:10.1016/j.jfo.2025.104710
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Zhang, Y., Che, X., Dong, Z., Shen, J., Tao, Y., Cui, B., & Zhu, F. (2026) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/02692155261428944
“22 Through this standardized framework, we assessed fi ve domains that may downgrade evidence quality: (1) RoB (study limitations), (2) inconsistency (heterogeneity), (3) indir-ectness of evidence, (4) imprecision, and (5) publication bias.”
Li, W., Lin, X., Cai, X., Liang, M., Shao, S., Cen, X., Song, Y., & Zhong, G. (2026) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-026-04977-z
“Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach [32], which classifies evidence as very low, low, moderate, or high.”
Li, Y., & Zhang, L. (2026) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/10749357.2026.2677641
The Musculoskeletal Consequences of Mouth Breathing in Adults: A Systematic Review
Campbell, R. G., Zadro, J. R., Campion, N. J., Chan, C. L., Mackey, M., Osie, G., Png, L. H., Douglas, R. G., Mosito, K., Reilly, E. K., et al. (2026) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.70755
Zhou, J., Li, S., Liu, H., Sun, Y., & Wang, Z. (2026) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/ijn.70172
Lyu, Y., Chen, J., & Zeng, S. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0354206
“We evaluated certainty of evidence using the GRADE framework [25].”
Luo, H., Zheng, Z., Sun, M., & Wang, Z. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106748
Bai, P., Xiong, Q., & Wu, T. (2026) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2026.104220
Lei, Z., Ma, P., Xue, Z., Teo, E. W., Li, J., & Chang, J. (2026) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2026.104960
Chen, W., Zhong, L., Zheng, C., Ding, W., Zhang, K., Xuan, N., Cao, L., Tian, B., Cui, W., Wang, P., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1826468
Cheng, G., Qiu, J., & Li, S. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0358178
“GRADE ratings were used to guide the strength of interpretation and clinical implications; findings supported by low or very-low certainty evidence were interpreted cautiously [26].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Kavanagh, B. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Kavanagh, Brian P.
- Venue
- PLoS Medicine
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2009-09-15
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e1000094
- ISSN
- 1549-1277 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-1676
- PMC
- PMC2735782
- OpenAlex
- W1991363364
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 9.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- American Thoracic Society
- World Health Organization
- University of Pennsylvania
- Society of Thoracic Surgeons
- European Respiratory Society
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
- Socialstyrelsen
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Keywords
- GRADE system, guideline quality assessment, evidence-based medicine, health policy
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Respiration, Artificial, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Sepsis, Evidence-Based Medicine
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