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Cited by 93Rabies epidemiology and controlVirology and Viral DiseasesAnimal Virus Infections Studies

Novel Vaccines to Human Rabies

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Ertl, Hildegund C. J.·2009·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000515PMC PMC2742899
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Abstract

Rabies, the most fatal of all infectious diseases, remains a major public health problem in developing countries, claiming the lives of an estimated 55,000 people each year. Most fatal rabies cases, with more than half of them in children, result from dog bites and occur among low-income families in Southeast Asia and Africa. Safe and efficacious vaccines are available to prevent rabies. However, they have to be given repeatedly, three times for pre-exposure vaccination and four to five times for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). In cases of severe exposure, a regimen of vaccine combined with a rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) preparation is required. The high incidence of fatal rabies is linked to a lack of knowledge on the appropriate treatment of bite wounds, lack of access to costly PEP, and failure to follow up with repeat immunizations. New, more immunogenic but less costly rabies virus vaccines are needed to reduce the toll of rabies on human lives. A preventative vaccine used for the immunization of children, especially those in high incidence countries, would be expected to lower fatality rates. Such a vaccine would have to be inexpensive, safe, and provide sustained protection, preferably after a single dose. Novel regimens are also needed for PEP to reduce the need for the already scarce and costly RIG and to reduce the number of vaccine doses to one or two. In this review, the pipeline of new rabies vaccines that are in pre-clinical testing is provided and an opinion on those that might be best suited as potential replacements for the currently used vaccines is offered.

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  • The finding on neutralizing antibodies indicates a comparable mode of action for the mRNA vaccine format as seen for cell-based vaccines and other vaccine formats.

    “Concerning the induction of neutralizing antibodies, this finding indicates a comparable mode of action for the mRNA vaccine format as seen for cell based vaccines and other vaccine formats [3,13].”

    From An mRNA Vaccine Encoding Rabies Virus Glycoprotein Induces Protection against Lethal Infection in Mice and Correlates of Protection in Adult and Newborn Pigs (2016) · cites this paper as [3]

    The Introduction and “Vaccines to Rabies Virus” section identify neutralizing antibodies against rabies glycoprotein as the key correlate of protection, and describe this principle across several vaccine formats. The paper does not discuss mRNA vaccines or establish that their mode of action is comparable to that of cell-based vaccines. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Novel vaccine formats such as subunit, DNA or viral vector vaccines have been assessed successfully for protective capacity against rabies infection in preclinical settings, but none resulted in a licensed product for human use yet.

    “Novel vaccine formats such as subunit, DNA or viral vector vaccines have been assessed successfully for their protective capacity against rabies infection in preclinical settings [3,13] but none of these resulted in a licensed product for human use yet.”

    From An mRNA Vaccine Encoding Rabies Virus Glycoprotein Induces Protection against Lethal Infection in Mice and Correlates of Protection in Adult and Newborn Pigs (2016) · cites this paper as [3]

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Authors
Ertl, H. C. J.
Affiliations
The Wistar Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Ertl, Hildegund C. J.
ORCID
Ertl, Hildegund C. J.
Venue
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2009-09-29
Volume
3
Issue
9
Pages
e515
ISSN
  • 1935-2727 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-2735
DOI
10.1371/journal.pntd.0000515
PMC
PMC2742899
OpenAlex
W2066014661
Cited by
93
References
2
Citations by year
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FWCI
2.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS neglected tropical diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › Rabies epidemiology and control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
Keywords
rabies, rabies vaccine, post-exposure prophylaxis, pre-exposure vaccination, rabies immunoglobulin, vaccine immunogenicity, vaccine cost, dog bites, rabies prevention, vaccine development pipeline

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