The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Observation of Static Pictures of Dynamic Actions Enhances the Activity of Movement-Related Brain Areas
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Physiological studies of perfectly still observers have shown interesting correlations between increasing effortfulness of observed actions and increases in heart and respiration rates. Not much is known about the cortical response induced by observing effortful actions. The aim of this study was to investigate the time course and neural correlates of perception of implied motion, by presenting 260 pictures of human actions differing in degrees of dynamism and muscular exertion. ERPs were recorded from 128 sites in young male and female adults engaged in a secondary perceptual task. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Our results indicate that even when the stimulus shows no explicit motion, observation of static photographs of human actions with implied motion produces a clear increase in cortical activation, manifest in a long-lasting positivity (LP) between 350-600 ms that is much greater to dynamic than less dynamic actions, especially in men. A swLORETA linear inverse solution computed on the dynamic-minus-static difference wave in the time window 380-430 ms showed that a series of regions was activated, including the right V5/MT, left EBA, left STS (BA38), left premotor (BA6) and motor (BA4) areas, cingulate and IF cortex. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Overall, the data suggest that corresponding mirror neurons respond more strongly to implied dynamic than to less dynamic actions. The sex difference might be partially cultural and reflect a preference of young adult males for highly dynamic actions depicting intense muscular activity, or a sporty context.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“complex visual stimuli, including actions, reach PMC and motor areas in around 300ms”
From Mirror neurons: from origin to function (2014) · cites this paper as Proverbio, Riva, & Zani, 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It has been demonstrated (by using both TMS and event related potentials) that static images with implied motion perception activate both motor and visual areas (Urgesi et al., 2006; Proverbio et al., 2009).”
From Corticomotor Excitability during Observation and Imagination of a Work of Art (2011) · cites this paper as Proverbio et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Rizzolatti, G., & Craighero, L. (2004) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230 · Cited by 7,433
Cattaneo, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (2009) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2009.41 · Cited by 3,137
Cortical mechanisms of human imitation
Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C., & Rizzolatti, G. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5449.2526 · Cited by 2,683
Neural simulation of action: a unifying mechanism for motor cognition.
Jeannerod, M. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0832 · Cited by 2,563
Action observation activates premotor and parietal areas in a somatotopic manner: an fMRI study
Buccino, G., Binkofski, F., Fink, G. R., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., Seitz, R. J., Zilles, K., Rizzolatti, G., & Freund, H. ‐. (2001) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2001.01385.x · Cited by 2,488
A cortical area selective for visual processing of the human body
Downing, P. E., Jiang, Y., Shuman, M., & Kanwisher, N. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063414 · Cited by 2,043
Imitation, empathy, and mirror neurons
Iacoboni, M. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163604 · Cited by 1,606
Arbib, M. A. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05000038 · Cited by 1,164
Mapping motor representations with positron emission tomography
Decety, J., Perani, D., Jeannerod, M., Bettinardi, V., Tadary, B., Woods, R., Mazziotta, J. C., & Fazio, F. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/371600a0 · Cited by 976
Brain Areas Involved in Perception of Biological Motion
Grossman, E. D., Donnelly, M. P. W., Price, R. R., Pickens, D. R., Morgan, V. L., Neighbor, G., & Blake, R. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900562417 · Cited by 917
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- J Decety, 1994, Mapping motor representations with PET., Nature, 600, 10.1038/371600a0 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–108 of 108
Heinrich, M. (2023) · Interdisziplinäre Architektur-Wissenschaft: Praxis - Theorie - Methodologie - Forschung · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-39896-5_11
Romeo, M., Genovese, F., Betta, M., Sebastiano, A. R., Teresi, L., Scanferlato, N., Sinigaglia, C., Ricciardi, E., & Garbarini, F. (2025) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121504
Proverbio, A. M., Scognamiglio, P., Valtolina, M., & Zani, A. (2025) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.113303
Self-citationNeurodynamic-constrained psychophysical modelling for vehicle noise-induced sportiness perception
Ni, K., & Huang, Y. (2026) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/10.0042192
Sounds on time : auditory feedback in learning, re-learning and over-learning of motor regularity
van Vugt, F. T. (2013) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3351d3c9z5539z4c95z9240z84b96f2eb35e
Spatiotemporal Brain Dynamics of Transitive and Intransitive Action Observation
Guidali, G., Arrigoni, E., Maravita, A., Pisoni, A., & Bolognini, N. (2026) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70623
Neural correlates of human action perception: motor, semantic and social aspects
Riva, F. (2013) · BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Proverbio, A. M., Riva, F., & Zani, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Proverbio, Alice Mado
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2009-05-06
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e5389
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2671843
- OpenAlex
- W2146356260
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 11.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Keywords
- implied motion, mirror neurons, event-related potentials, sex differences, MT/V5, premotor cortex, STS, cingulate cortex, muscular exertion
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Female, Humans, Male, Motion Perception, Movement, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Observation, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
