Cited by 108Action Observation and SynchronizationFace Recognition and PerceptionAesthetic Perception and Analysis

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Observation of Static Pictures of Dynamic Actions Enhances the Activity of Movement-Related Brain Areas

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Proverbio, Alice Mado, Riva, Federica, Zani, Alberto·2009·PLoS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005389PMC PMC2671843

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Physiological studies of perfectly still observers have shown interesting correlations between increasing effortfulness of observed actions and increases in heart and respiration rates. Not much is known about the cortical response induced by observing effortful actions. The aim of this study was to investigate the time course and neural correlates of perception of implied motion, by presenting 260 pictures of human actions differing in degrees of dynamism and muscular exertion. ERPs were recorded from 128 sites in young male and female adults engaged in a secondary perceptual task. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Our results indicate that even when the stimulus shows no explicit motion, observation of static photographs of human actions with implied motion produces a clear increase in cortical activation, manifest in a long-lasting positivity (LP) between 350-600 ms that is much greater to dynamic than less dynamic actions, especially in men. A swLORETA linear inverse solution computed on the dynamic-minus-static difference wave in the time window 380-430 ms showed that a series of regions was activated, including the right V5/MT, left EBA, left STS (BA38), left premotor (BA6) and motor (BA4) areas, cingulate and IF cortex. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Overall, the data suggest that corresponding mirror neurons respond more strongly to implied dynamic than to less dynamic actions. The sex difference might be partially cultural and reflect a preference of young adult males for highly dynamic actions depicting intense muscular activity, or a sporty context.

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Figure 1 Some example of stimuli belonging to the two classes of actions balanced for body part depicted and sex of agent.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Grand-average ERP waveforms (N = 23) recorded over all scalp sites as a function of action type.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 3 ERP waveforms recorded over left and right inferior/frontal and centro-parietal sites as a function of viewer's sex and action type. Motor content evidently has a greater effect in the male brain, which appeared more responsive to the representation of vibrant and intense muscular activity.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 4 LORETA inverse solution displaying the neural generators of the LP effect related to action dynamism. LORETA was computed on the difference wave obtained by subtracting ERPs to static actions from ERP to dynamic actions in the time window 380–430 ms, corresponding to the ascending phase of the LP.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 5 Top view of isocontour topographic voltage map relative to the difference wave dynamic – static in the 380–430 ms time window.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors: Proverbio, A. M., Riva, F., & Zani, A.
Affiliations: University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IT)
Corresponding author: Proverbio, Alice Mado
ORCID: Proverbio, Alice Mado
Riva, Federica
Zani, Alberto
Venue: PLoS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2009-05-06
Volume: 4
Issue: 5
Pages: e5389
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005389
PMC: PMC2671843
OpenAlex: W2146356260
Cited by: 108
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 11.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
Keywords: implied motion, mirror neurons, event-related potentials, sex differences, MT/V5, premotor cortex, STS, cingulate cortex, muscular exertion
MeSH terms: Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Female, Humans, Male, Motion Perception, Movement, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Observation, Young Adult

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Observation of Static Pictures of Dynamic Actions Enhances the Activity of Movement-Related Brain Areas

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