CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 249Health and Medical Research ImpactsHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifeGlobal Health Care Issues

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

NIH Disease Funding Levels and Burden of Disease

Open access
Gillum, Leslie A., Gouveia, Christopher, Dorsey, E. Ray, Pletcher, Mark, Mathers, Colin D., McCulloch, Charles E., Johnston, S. Claiborne·2011·PLoS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0016837PMC PMC3044706
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: An analysis of NIH funding in 1996 found that the strongest predictor of funding, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), explained only 39% of the variance in funding. In 1998, Congress requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) evaluate priority-setting criteria for NIH funding; the IOM recommended greater consideration of disease burden. We examined whether the association between current burden and funding has changed since that time. METHODS: We analyzed public data on 2006 NIH funding for 29 common conditions. Measures of US disease burden in 2004 were obtained from the World Health Organization's Global Burden of Disease study and national databases. We assessed the relationship between disease burden and NIH funding dollars in univariate and multivariable log-linear models that evaluated all measures of disease burden. Sensitivity analyses examined associations with future US burden, current and future measures of world disease burden, and a newly standardized NIH accounting method. RESULTS: In univariate and multivariable analyses, disease-specific NIH funding levels increased with burden of disease measured in DALYs (p = 0.001), which accounted for 33% of funding level variation. No other factor predicted funding in multivariable models. Conditions receiving the most funding greater than expected based on disease burden were AIDS ($2474 M), diabetes mellitus ($390 M), and perinatal conditions ($297 M). Depression ($719 M), injuries ($691 M), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ($613 M) were the most underfunded. Results were similar using estimates of future US burden, current and future world disease burden, and alternate NIH accounting methods. CONCLUSIONS: Current levels of NIH disease-specific research funding correlate modestly with US disease burden, and correlation has not improved in the last decade.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pone.0016837

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Ten-year Comparison of Differences Between Actual and Expected Disease-Specific NIH Funding Relative to US Burden of Disease in DALYs. A comparison of differences between actual and expected funding values as predicted by DALYs burden alone in 1996 (light blue) and 2006 (navy). Negative values reflect actual funding dollars less than expected and positive values represent actual funding dollars more than expected.
Figure 1 Ten-year Comparison of Differences Between Actual and Expected Disease-Specific NIH Funding Relative to US Burden of Disease in DALYs. A comparison of differences between actual and expected funding values as predicted by DALYs burden alone in 1996 (light blue) and 2006 (navy). Negative values reflect actual funding dollars less than expected and positive values represent actual funding dollars more than expected.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 NIH Funding in 2006 and US Disease Burden in DALYs in 2004 for 29 Common Medical Conditions. The solid line represents the results of a traditional multivariable analysis, showing the relationship between US disease-specific DALYs burden and actual 2006 NIH funding dollars. The dashed line projects NIH funding levels in a similar multivariable model that requires that a disease with no burden receives no funding (constrained model). Though the models produce similar results, several diseases that would be considered overfunded in one model are considered underfunded in the other. For example, cervical cancer appears to be overfunded relative to the dashed line, while it is underfunded relative to the solid one.
Figure 2 NIH Funding in 2006 and US Disease Burden in DALYs in 2004 for 29 Common Medical Conditions. The solid line represents the results of a traditional multivariable analysis, showing the relationship between US disease-specific DALYs burden and actual 2006 NIH funding dollars. The dashed line projects NIH funding levels in a similar multivariable model that requires that a disease with no burden receives no funding (constrained model). Though the models produce similar results, several diseases that would be considered overfunded in one model are considered underfunded in the other. For example, cervical cancer appears to be overfunded relative to the dashed line, while it is underfunded relative to the solid one.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Differences Between Actual and Expected Disease-Specific Funding in 2006. Determinations of actual funding relative to expected funding were generally similar among separate analytic models predicting funding levels from disease burden measures. Univariate results are based on DALYs alone (navy), the only variable retained in a stepwise forward multivariable model. A traditional multivariable model including public interest variables (grey-blue) retained only DALYs and total charity revenue in the model. A constrained multivariable (light blue) model required an intercept of zero-zero to impose a requirement that conditions with no burden received no funding and retained DALYs, total number of US hospital discharges, and mean charge per hospitalization in 2004.
Figure 3 Differences Between Actual and Expected Disease-Specific Funding in 2006. Determinations of actual funding relative to expected funding were generally similar among separate analytic models predicting funding levels from disease burden measures. Univariate results are based on DALYs alone (navy), the only variable retained in a stepwise forward multivariable model. A traditional multivariable model including public interest variables (grey-blue) retained only DALYs and total charity revenue in the model. A constrained multivariable (light blue) model required an intercept of zero-zero to impose a requirement that conditions with no burden received no funding and retained DALYs, total number of US hospital discharges, and mean charge per hospitalization in 2004.CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 29 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 249

Related

Metadata

Authors
Gillum, L. A., Gouveia, C., Dorsey, E. R., Pletcher, M., Mathers, C. D., McCulloch, C. E., & Johnston, S. C.
Affiliations
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • World Health Organization (CH)
Corresponding author
Johnston, S. Claiborne
ORCID
Venue
PLoS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2011-02-24
Volume
6
Issue
2
Pages
e16837
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0016837
PMC
PMC3044706
OpenAlex
W1986799651
Cited by
248
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 19
FWCI
18.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • University of California, San Francisco
  • National Center for Research Resources (KL2RR024130, KL2RR024136)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Medical Research Impacts
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Global Health Care Issues
Keywords
NIH funding, disease burden, disability-adjusted life years, research prioritization, global burden of disease, depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, injuries
MeSH terms
Cross-Sectional Studies, Disease, Epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Research, Research Support as Topic, United States, Cost of Illness, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, International Classification of Diseases

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review