Cited by 374Nutritional Studies and DietNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorEating Disorders and Behaviors

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A Prospective Study of Diet Quality and Mental Health in Adolescents

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Jacka, Felice N., Kremer, Peter J., Berk, Michael, de Silva-Sanigorski, Andrea M., Moodie, Marjorie, Leslie, Eva R., Pasco, Julie A., Swinburn, Boyd A.·2011·PLoS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024805PMC PMC3177848

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: A number of cross-sectional and prospective studies have now been published demonstrating inverse relationships between diet quality and the common mental disorders in adults. However, there are no existing prospective studies of this association in adolescents, the onset period of most disorders, limiting inferences regarding possible causal relationships. METHODS: In this study, 3040 Australian adolescents, aged 11-18 years at baseline, were measured in 2005-6 and 2007-8. Information on diet and mental health was collected by self-report and anthropometric data by trained researchers. RESULTS: There were cross-sectional, dose response relationships identified between measures of both healthy (positive) and unhealthy (inverse) diets and scores on the emotional subscale of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), where higher scores mean better mental health, before and after adjustments for age, gender, socio-economic status, dieting behaviours, body mass index and physical activity. Higher healthy diet scores at baseline also predicted higher PedsQL scores at follow-up, while higher unhealthy diet scores at baseline predicted lower PedsQL scores at follow-up. Improvements in diet quality were mirrored by improvements in mental health over the follow-up period, while deteriorating diet quality was associated with poorer psychological functioning. Finally, results did not support the reverse causality hypothesis. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of diet in adolescence and its potential role in modifying mental health over the life course. Given that the majority of common mental health problems first manifest in adolescence, intervention studies are now required to test the effectiveness of preventing the common mental disorders through dietary modification.

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Figure 1 Cross-sectional associations between Healthy diet scores and PedsQL scores (z-score standardized) after adjustments for gender, age, dieting behaviours, BMI, SES and PA.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Cross-sectional associations between Unhealthy diet scores and PedsQL scores (z-score standardized) after adjustments for gender, age, dieting behaviours, BMI, SES and PA.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors: Jacka, F. N., Kremer, P. J., Berk, M., de Silva-Sanigorski, A. M., Moodie, M., Leslie, E. R., Pasco, J. A., & Swinburn, B. A.
Affiliations: Barwon Health (AU)
Deakin University (AU)
Mental Health Research Institute (AU)
Corresponding author: Jacka, Felice N.
ORCID: Jacka, Felice N.
Kremer, Peter J.
Leslie, Eva R.
Pasco, Julie A.
Swinburn, Boyd A.
Venue: PLoS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2011-09-21
Volume: 6
Issue: 9
Pages: e24805
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024805
PMC: PMC3177848
OpenAlex: W1964594273
Cited by: 374
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 20.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Deakin University
State Government of Victoria
Medical Research Council
National Health and Medical Research Council
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Keywords: diet quality, adolescent mental health, common mental disorders, healthy eating, unhealthy diet, PedsQL, emotional functioning, reverse causality, dieting behavior, body mass index, physical activity, dietary change, prevention of mental disorders
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Prospective Studies

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A Prospective Study of Diet Quality and Mental Health in Adolescents

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