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A Prospective Study of Diet Quality and Mental Health in Adolescents
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: A number of cross-sectional and prospective studies have now been published demonstrating inverse relationships between diet quality and the common mental disorders in adults. However, there are no existing prospective studies of this association in adolescents, the onset period of most disorders, limiting inferences regarding possible causal relationships. METHODS: In this study, 3040 Australian adolescents, aged 11-18 years at baseline, were measured in 2005-6 and 2007-8. Information on diet and mental health was collected by self-report and anthropometric data by trained researchers. RESULTS: There were cross-sectional, dose response relationships identified between measures of both healthy (positive) and unhealthy (inverse) diets and scores on the emotional subscale of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), where higher scores mean better mental health, before and after adjustments for age, gender, socio-economic status, dieting behaviours, body mass index and physical activity. Higher healthy diet scores at baseline also predicted higher PedsQL scores at follow-up, while higher unhealthy diet scores at baseline predicted lower PedsQL scores at follow-up. Improvements in diet quality were mirrored by improvements in mental health over the follow-up period, while deteriorating diet quality was associated with poorer psychological functioning. Finally, results did not support the reverse causality hypothesis. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of diet in adolescence and its potential role in modifying mental health over the life course. Given that the majority of common mental health problems first manifest in adolescence, intervention studies are now required to test the effectiveness of preventing the common mental disorders through dietary modification.
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“These associations are observed across the age range, including in early adolescence, which represents the primary age of onset for mental disorders (292, 310).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [310]
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Prevalence and Trends in Overweight Among US Children and Adolescents, 1999-2000
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The PedsQL™: Measurement Model for the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory
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Association of Western and Traditional Diets With Depression and Anxiety in Women
Jacka, F. N., Pasco, J. A., Mykletun, A., Williams, L. J., Hodge, A. M., O'Reilly, S. L., Nicholson, G. C., Kotowicz, M. A., & Berk, M. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09060881 · Cited by 847
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“…or risk for depression, as well as an increased likelihood or risk for depression with higher intakes of unhealthy food products; such studies have been published from countries across the globe in children, adolescents and adults (Jacka et al., 2010, 2011, 2013; SanchezVillegas et al., 2009).”
BackgroundRelationship Between Diet and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jacka, F. N., Kremer, P. J., Berk, M., de Silva-Sanigorski, A. M., Moodie, M., Leslie, E. R., Pasco, J. A., & Swinburn, B. A.
- Affiliations
- Barwon Health (AU)
- Deakin University (AU)
- Mental Health Research Institute (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Jacka, Felice N.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-09-21
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e24805
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3177848
- OpenAlex
- W1964594273
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 20.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Deakin University
- State Government of Victoria
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Keywords
- diet quality, adolescent mental health, common mental disorders, healthy eating, unhealthy diet, PedsQL, emotional functioning, reverse causality, dieting behavior, body mass index, physical activity, dietary change, prevention of mental disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Prospective Studies
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