Recent trends in the incidence of anxiety diagnoses and symptoms in primary care
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Anxiety is common, with significant morbidity, but little is known about presentations and recording of anxiety diagnoses and symptoms in primary care. This study aimed to determine trends in incidence and socio-demographic variation in General Practitioner (GP) recorded diagnoses of anxiety, mixed anxiety/depression, panic and anxiety symptoms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Annual incidence rates of anxiety diagnoses and symptoms were calculated from 361 UK general practices contributing to The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database between 1998 and 2008, adjusted for year of diagnosis, gender, age, and deprivation. Incidence of GP recorded anxiety diagnosis fell from 7.9 to 4.9/1000PYAR from 1998 to 2008, while incidence of anxiety symptoms rose from 3.9 to 5.8/1000PYAR. Incidence of mixed anxiety/depression fell from 4.0 to 2.2/1000PYAR, and incidence of panic disorder fell from 0.9/1000PYAR in 1998 to 0.5/1000PYAR in 2008. All these entries were approximately twice as common in women and more common in deprived areas. GP-recorded anxiety diagnoses, symptoms and mixed anxiety/depression were commonest aged 45-64 years, whilst panic disorder/attacks were more common in those 16-44 years. GPs predominately use broad non-specific codes to record anxiety problems in the UK. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: GP recording of anxiety diagnoses has fallen whilst recording of anxiety symptoms has increased over time. The incidence of GP recorded diagnoses of anxiety diagnoses was lower than in screened populations in primary care. The reasons for this apparent under-recording and whether it represents under-detection in those being seen, a reluctance to report anxiety to their GP, or a reluctance amongst GPs to label people with anxiety requires investigation.
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Men are less likely to be diagnosed with anxiety than women.
“and anxiety (Kroenke et al. , 2007; Walters et al. , 2012)”
From Do depressed and anxious men do groups? What works and what are the barriers to help seeking? (2014) · cites this paper as Walters et al. , 2012
Other codes may be avoided because of patient stigmatization or provider penalties.
“Other codes may be avoided because of patient stigmatization or provider penalties [64].”
From The Reporting of Studies Conducted Using Observational Routinely-Collected Health Data (RECORD) statement. (2015) · cites this paper as [64]
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- Authors
- Walters, K., Rait, G., Griffin, M., Buszewicz, M., & Nazareth, I.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Walters, Kate
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-08-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e41670
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3411689
- OpenAlex
- W2054268862
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, incidence trends, primary care, general practitioners, anxiety symptoms, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, panic disorder, sociodemographic variation, deprivation, gender differences, age differences, ICD-10 coding, Health Improvement Network
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, Incidence, Databases, Factual, Panic Disorder
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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