Cognitive Function in Childhood and Lifetime Cognitive Change in Relation to Mental Wellbeing in Four Cohorts of Older People
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Poorer cognitive ability in youth is a risk factor for later mental health problems but it is largely unknown whether cognitive ability, in youth or in later life, is predictive of mental wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cognitive ability at age 11 years, cognitive ability in later life, or lifetime cognitive change are associated with mental wellbeing in older people. METHODS: We used data on 8191 men and women aged 50 to 87 years from four cohorts in the HALCyon collaborative research programme into healthy ageing: the Aberdeen Birth Cohort 1936, the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921, the National Child Development Survey, and the MRC National Survey for Health and Development. We used linear regression to examine associations between cognitive ability at age 11, cognitive ability in later life, and lifetime change in cognitive ability and mean score on the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and meta-analysis to obtain an overall estimate of the effect of each. RESULTS: People whose cognitive ability at age 11 was a standard deviation above the mean scored 0.53 points higher on the mental wellbeing scale (95% confidence interval 0.36, 0.71). The equivalent value for cognitive ability in later life was 0.89 points (0.72, 1.07). A standard deviation improvement in cognitive ability in later life relative to childhood ability was associated with 0.66 points (0.39, 0.93) advantage in wellbeing score. These effect sizes equate to around 0.1 of a standard deviation in mental wellbeing score. Adjustment for potential confounding and mediating variables, primarily the personality trait neuroticism, substantially attenuated these associations. CONCLUSION: Associations between cognitive ability in childhood or lifetime cognitive change and mental wellbeing in older people are slight and may be confounded by personality trait differences.
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- Authors
- Gale, C. R., Cooper, R., Craig, L., Elliott, J., Kuh, D., Richards, M., Starr, J. M., Whalley, L. J., & Deary, I. J.
- Affiliations
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (GB)
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- University of London (GB)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-09-10
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e44860
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3438162
- OpenAlex
- W2171440894
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (acceptedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- University of Edinburgh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Medical Research Council (RES-579-47-0001)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G040923/1, ES/G00773X/1, RES‐579‐47‐0001)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- cognitive ability, children's cognitive abilities, cognitive change, psychological well-being, older adults, neuroticism, personality traits, healthy aging, mental health in later life
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies
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