Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Awareness and Utilization of Pap Smear Test among Federal Civil Servants in North Central Nigeria
Open accessAbstract
Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women in developing countries. A key factor linked to the relatively high levels of cervical cancer in these populations is the lack of awareness and access to preventive methods. This study aimed to determine the level of awareness of cervical cancer and Papanicolaou test (Pap smear test) and factors associated with the utilization of Pap test among female civil servants in Jos. Data was obtained from female workers (n = 388) aged 18-65 years in a Nigerian Federal establishment. Participants were randomly approached and instructed to complete validated questionnaires. Data was analyzed using Chi-square, t-tests and logistic regression analysis to determine if there was an association between variables and identify any predictors of awareness and utilization of the Pap test. Cervical cancer and Pap smear test awareness was 50.9% and 38.6% respectively, with the media as the major source of information. Pap smear test utilization rate was 10.2%, with routine antenatal care (ANC) as the major reason for getting screened. Personal barriers to screening include the lack of awareness, and belief that cervical cancer is not preventable. Opportunistic screening, mass media campaigns and ANC education were suggested as ways of improving awareness and utilization of cervical cancer screening services.
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Trustworthiness of the qualitative data was ensured by applying Guba's model of truth value, applicability, consistency and neutrality, and reflexivity was used to further enhance trustworthiness.
“Trustworthiness of the qualitative data was ensured by means of applying Guba's model of truth value, applicability, consistency and neutrality.10 Reflexivity was used by the researcher to further enhance trustworthiness.”
From Towards the development of a community-based model for promoting cervical cancer prevention among Yoruba women in Ibadan Nigeria: application of PEN-3 model (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Hyacinth, H. I., Adekeye, O. A., Ibeh, J. N., & Osoba, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Morehouse School of Medicine (US)
- University College Hospital, Ibadan (NG)
- Corresponding author
- Hyacinth, Hyacinth I.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-10-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e46583
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3462186
- OpenAlex
- W2093008903
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 6.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Keywords
- cervical cancer, Pap smear, cervical cancer screening, screening awareness, screening utilization, women civil servants, opportunistic screening, prenatal care, mass media health campaigns, barriers to screening, Jos, Nigeria
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Nigeria, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vaginal Smears, Logistic Models, Papanicolaou Test
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