Cited by 309Fungal Infections and StudiesBacterial Infections and VaccinesParasitic Infections and Diagnostics

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Epidemiology of Cryptococcal Meningitis in the US: 1997–2009

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Pyrgos, Vasilios, Seitz, Amy E., Steiner, Claudia A., Prevots, D. Rebecca, Williamson, Peter R.·2013·PLoS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0056269PMC PMC3574138

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Abstract

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) causes significant morbidity and mortality globally; however, recent national trends have not been described. Incidence and trends for CM-associated hospitalizations in 18 states were estimated using the Agency for Healthcare and Research Quality (AHRQ) State Inpatient Databases (SID) datasets for 1997 through 2009. We identified 30,840 hospitalizations coded for CM, of which 21.6% were among HIV-uninfected patients. CM in-hospital mortality was significant (12.4% for women and 10.8% for men) with a total of 3,440 deaths over the study period. Co-morbidities of CM coded at increased frequency in HIV-uninfected CM hospitalized populations included hydrocephalus and acute/chronic renal failure as well as possible predispositions including transplantation, combined T and B cell defects, Cushing's syndrome, liver disease and hypogammaglobulinemia. Median hospitalization costs were significant for CM and higher for HIV-uninfected patients (16,803.01 vs. 15,708.07; p<0.0001). Cryptococcal meningitis remains a disease with significant morbidity and mortality in the U.S. and the relative burden among persons without HIV infection is increasing.

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Figure 1 Geographic incidence of CM. A) Map of the US showing, highlighted, states reporting to ARHQ continuously during the study period and their incidence of CM in HIV-infected and B) HIV-uninfected associated hospitalizations per million population.CC0 · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Hospitalizations for CM in the US. A) Hospitalization for CM per million population in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients. B) In hospital mortality per million population in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients.CC0 · PubMed Central

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Authors: Pyrgos, V., Seitz, A. E., Steiner, C. A., Prevots, D. R., & Williamson, P. R.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US)
Corresponding author: Williamson, Peter R.
ORCID: Seitz, Amy E.
Prevots, D. Rebecca
Williamson, Peter R.
Venue: PLoS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2013-02-15
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Pages: e56269
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056269
PMC: PMC3574138
OpenAlex: W1999868460
Semantic Scholar: 4b895d9fdf7ee8252fc83533890ec854af45ec8d
Cited by: 309
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6
FWCI: 16.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: public-domain
creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, public-domain)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
Keywords: cryptococcal meningitis, incidence trends, hospitalization, in-hospital mortality, HIV-negative patients, comorbidities, hydrocephalus, renal failure, transplant recipients, immunodeficiency, Cushing's syndrome, hypogammaglobulinemia, hospital costs, United States
MeSH terms: Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, United States, HIV Infections, Comorbidity, Meningitis, Cryptococcal

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Epidemiology of Cryptococcal Meningitis in the US: 1997–2009

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