The Metabolic and Performance Effects of Caffeine Compared to Coffee during Endurance Exercise
Open accessAbstract
There is consistent evidence supporting the ergogenic effects of caffeine for endurance based exercise. However, whether caffeine ingested through coffee has the same effects is still subject to debate. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the performance enhancing effects of caffeine and coffee using a time trial performance test, while also investigating the metabolic effects of caffeine and coffee. In a single-blind, crossover, randomised counter-balanced study design, eight trained male cyclists/triathletes (Mean ± SD: Age 41 ± 7 y, Height 1.80 ± 0.04 m, Weight 78.9 ± 4.1 kg, VO2 max 58 ± 3 ml • kg(-1) • min(-1)) completed 30 min of steady-state (SS) cycling at approximately 55% VO2max followed by a 45 min energy based target time trial (TT). One hour prior to exercise each athlete consumed drinks consisting of caffeine (5 mg CAF/kg BW), instant coffee (5 mg CAF/kg BW), instant decaffeinated coffee or placebo. The set workloads produced similar relative exercise intensities during the SS for all drinks, with no observed difference in carbohydrate or fat oxidation. Performance times during the TT were significantly faster (~5.0%) for both caffeine and coffee when compared to placebo and decaf (38.35 ± 1.53, 38.27 ± 1.80, 40.23 ± 1.98, 40.31 ± 1.22 min respectively, p<0.05). The significantly faster performance times were similar for both caffeine and coffee. Average power for caffeine and coffee during the TT was significantly greater when compared to placebo and decaf (294 ± 21 W, 291 ± 22 W, 277 ± 14 W, 276 ± 23 W respectively, p<0.05). No significant differences were observed between placebo and decaf during the TT. The present study illustrates that both caffeine (5 mg/kg/BW) and coffee (5 mg/kg/BW) consumed 1 h prior to exercise can improve endurance exercise performance.
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- Authors
- Hodgson, A. B., Randell, R. K., & Jeukendrup, A. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jeukendrup, Asker E.
- ORCID
- Randell, Rebecca K.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-04-03
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e59561
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3616086
- OpenAlex
- W1987892604
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 10.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- caffeine, coffee, endurance exercise performance, ergogenic aids, time trial performance, carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, metabolic effects, cyclists, triathletes, decaffeinated coffee
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bicycling, Blood Glucose, Caffeine, Coffee, Fatty Acids, Glycerol, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxidation-Reduction, Physical Endurance, Single-Blind Method, Cross-Over Studies, Lactic Acid, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, Athletic Performance, Athletes, Performance-Enhancing Substances
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