The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Markers of Celiac Disease and Gluten Sensitivity in Children with Autism
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Gastrointestinal symptoms are a common feature in children with autism, drawing attention to a potential association with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity. However, studies to date regarding the immune response to gluten in autism and its association with celiac disease have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to assess immune reactivity to gluten in pediatric patients diagnosed with autism according to strict criteria and to evaluate the potential link between autism and celiac disease. METHODS: Study participants included children (with or without gastrointestinal symptoms) diagnosed with autism according to both the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised (ADI-R) (n = 37), their unaffected siblings (n = 27), and age-matched healthy controls (n = 76). Serum specimens were tested for antibodies to native gliadin, deamidated gliadin, and transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Affected children were genotyped for celiac disease associated HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8 alleles. RESULTS: Children with autism had significantly higher levels of IgG antibody to gliadin compared with unrelated healthy controls (p<0.01). The IgG levels were also higher compared to the unaffected siblings, but did not reach statistical significance. The IgG anti-gliadin antibody response was significantly greater in the autistic children with gastrointestinal symptoms in comparison to those without them (p<0.01). There was no difference in IgA response to gliadin across groups. The levels of celiac disease-specific serologic markers, i.e., antibodies to deamidated gliadin and TG2, did not differ between patients and controls. An association between increased anti-gliadin antibody and presence of HLA-DQ2 and/or -DQ8 was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: A subset of children with autism displays increased immune reactivity to gluten, the mechanism of which appears to be distinct from that in celiac disease. The increased anti-gliadin antibody response and its association with GI symptoms points to a potential mechanism involving immunologic and/or intestinal permeability abnormalities in affected children.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“There is also one report showing that children with ASD have increased immune reactivity to gluten and this immune response is enhanced when GI symptoms are present, but this study, like the aforementioned one, has not been replicated 53.”
From Gastrointestinal Issues and Autism Spectrum Disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [53]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms
Ludvigsson, J. F., Leffler, D. A., Bai, J. C., Biagi, F., Fasano, A., Green, P. H. R., Hadjivassiliou, M., Kaukinen, K., Kelly, C. P., Leonard, J. N., et al. (2013) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301346 · Cited by 1,721
Adams, J. B., Johansen, L. J., Powell, L. D., Quig, D., & Rubin, R. A. (2011) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/1471-230x-11-22 · Cited by 1,076
The role of immune dysfunction in the pathophysiology of autism
Onore, C., Careaga, M., & Ashwood, P. (2012) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.08.007 · Cited by 635
de Magistris, L., Familiari, V., Pascotto, A., Sapone, A., Frolli, A., Iardino, P., Carteni, M., De Rosa, M., Francavilla, R., Riegler, G., et al. (2010) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e3181dcc4a5 · Cited by 546
Abnormal intestinal permeability in children with autism
D'Eufemia, P., Celli, M., Finocchiaro, R., Pacifico, L., Viozzi, L., Zaccagnini, M., Cardi, E., & Giardini, O. (1996) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14220.x · Cited by 416
Celiac disease: pathogenesis of a model immunogenetic disease
Kagnoff, M. F. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci30253 · Cited by 385
Narrative Review: Celiac Disease: Understanding a Complex Autoimmune Disorder
Alaedini, A., & Green, P. H. R. (2005) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-4-200502150-00011 · Cited by 301
Wang, L. W., Tancredi, D. J., & Thomas, D. W. (2011) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e31821bd06a · Cited by 258
Cerebral folate receptor autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder
Frye, R. E., Sequeira, J. M., Quadros, E. V., James, S. J., & Rossignol, D. A. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.175 · Cited by 257
RESPONSE OF INTESTINAL MUCOSA TO GLUTEN CHALLENGE IN AUTISTIC SUBJECTS
Mccarthy, D., & Coleman, M. (1979) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)92688-6 · Cited by 240
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–124 of 124
David, M. M., Tataru, C. A., Daniels, J., Schwartz, J. N., Keating, J., Hampton‐Marcell, J., Gottel, N., Gilbert, J. A., & Wall, D. P. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/319236 · Cited by 2
Amreen, S., Masood, F., Zúñiga, G., Parkar, S., & Alnasser, Y. S. (2025) · Immuno · doi:10.3390/immuno5040053 · Cited by 1
Clinical Roundup: Selected Treatment Options for Autism
(2015) · Alternative and Complementary Therapies · doi:10.1089/act.2015.21208 · Cited by 1
Resnick, C. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-43044-9.00095-9 · Cited by 1
Мальцев, Д. В. (2018) · Likarska sprava · doi:10.31640/jvd.1-2.2018(02 · Cited by 2
Catassi, C., Guelzoni, G., & Catassi, G. N. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82401-3_16 · Cited by 1
Gamakaranage, C. S. K. (2016) · Journal of Heavy Metal Toxicity and Diseases · doi:10.21767/2473-6457.100012 · Cited by 1
Syndrome de sensibilité au gluten non cœliaque
Khater, S., Malamut, G., & Cellier, C. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-74931-5.00014-1
El-Alameey, I. R., Ahmed, H. H., Eid, I. M., El-dory, G., & Gameel, M. (2018) · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research · doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.22723
Gastrointestinal Disorders and Autism
Kooros, K. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_25-3
Overlap-синдром целіакії з атиповим аутизмом у дитини: клінічний випадок
Zavhorodnia, N. Y., Lukianenko, O. Y., Zhigir, N. O., & Gajdar, Y. A. (2018) · CHILD`S HEALTH · doi:10.22141/2224-0551.13.0.2018.131190
Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Schuppener, J. L., & Elder, J. H. (2019) · UF Journal of Undergraduate Research · doi:10.32473/ufjur.v21i1.108746
Behavioral Disorders and Celiac Disease: Coincidence or Casualty?
Coronel‐Rodríguez, C., & Martínez, A. R. (2020) · OBM Neurobiology · doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2003067
Influenza Vaccine Failed to Affect Infection Risk with Other Respiratory Viruses
(2013) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00904481-20130723-02
Gastrointestinal Disorders and Autism
Kooros, K. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_25
Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Guiot, C., Grasso, F., Rocchetti, M., & Brondino, N. (2022) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88538-0_64
The Contribution of the Gut-Brain-Microbiota Axis to Brain Health Throughout the Lifespan
Qansuwa, E. M., Atalah, H. N., Abdelkader, M., Russell, A. E., Dakhlallah, D. A., & Brown, C. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-3949-5_2-1
IMPACTO DO GLÚTEM NA DIETA DO TRANSTORNO DE ESPECTRO AUTISTA : UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
NEUMANN, K. R. D. S., & BARBOSA, G. N. (2023) · Revista Multidisciplinar do Nordeste Mineiro · doi:10.61164/rmnm.v12i1.1837
Nonceliac gluten-related disorders
Seidita, A., Mansueto, P., Giuliano, A., & Carroccio, A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13359-6.00022-4
Sykioti, P., Zis, P., Hadjikonstanti, D., Hadjivassiliou, M., & Vavougios, G. D. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17091439
Assessment of IgA anti-endomysial antibody levels in children with autism spectrum disorder
Bozkurt, H., Şimşek, Ş., & Yüksel, T. (2025) · Akademik Gastroenteroloji Dergisi · doi:10.17941/agd.1765324
Otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklarda IgA anti-endomisial antikor düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi
Bozkurt, H., Şimşek, Ş., & Yüksel, T. (2025) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Folates et pathologies du neurodéveloppement : autisme et anomalies de fermeture du tube neural
Renard, É. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/76b8f70bzfbf3z4c5bz9648z18860d401964
Brown, M., Vernon, S. D., Indart, A. C., Green, P. H., & Alaedini, A. (2026) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-026-08442-1
Metadata
- Authors
- Lau, N. M., Green, P. H. R., Taylor, A. K., Hellberg, D., Ajamian, M., Tan, C. Z., Kosofsky, B. E., Higgins, J. J., Rajadhyaksha, A. M., & Alaedini, A.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Alaedini, Armin
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-06-18
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e66155
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3688832
- OpenAlex
- W1968001810
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 10.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH)
- Autism Speaks
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000457)
- National Institute of Mental Health (U24MH081810)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, anti-gliadin antibodies, HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ8, gastrointestinal symptoms, intestinal permeability, children
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Celiac Disease, Child, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Gliadin, Histocompatibility Testing, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Male, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies, Gastrointestinal Tract
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
