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Cited by 1,721Celiac Disease Research and ManagementEosinophilic EsophagitisWheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology

The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms

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Ludvigsson, Jonas F, Leffler, Daniel A, Bai, Julio C, Biagi, Federico, Fasano, Alessio, Green, Peter H R, Hadjivassiliou, Marios, Kaukinen, Katri +8 more·2013·Gut
DOI 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301346PMC PMC3440559
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The literature suggests a lack of consensus on the use of terms related to coeliac disease (CD) and gluten. DESIGN: A multidisciplinary task force of 16 physicians from seven countries used the electronic database PubMed to review the literature for CD-related terms up to January 2011. Teams of physicians then suggested a definition for each term, followed by feedback of these definitions through a web survey on definitions, discussions during a meeting in Oslo and phone conferences. In addition to 'CD', the following descriptors of CD were evaluated (in alphabetical order): asymptomatic, atypical, classical, latent, non-classical, overt, paediatric classical, potential, refractory, silent, subclinical, symptomatic, typical, CD serology, CD autoimmunity, genetically at risk of CD, dermatitis herpetiformis, gluten, gluten ataxia, gluten intolerance, gluten sensitivity and gliadin-specific antibodies. RESULTS: CD was defined as 'a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals'. Classical CD was defined as 'CD presenting with signs and symptoms of malabsorption. Diarrhoea, steatorrhoea, weight loss or growth failure is required.' 'Gluten-related disorders' is the suggested umbrella term for all diseases triggered by gluten and the term gluten intolerance should not to be used. Other definitions are presented in the paper. CONCLUSION: This paper presents the Oslo definitions for CD-related terms.

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  • There is general consensus about the need to assess adherence to the gluten-free diet during follow-up of celiac disease patients.

    “There is general consensus about the need to assess adherence to the GFD during the follow up of CD patients (48-50).”

    From ESPGHAN Position Paper on Management and Follow-up of Children and Adolescents With Celiac Disease. (2022) · cites this paper as [48]

    The Results section on refractory coeliac disease says dietary adherence should be questioned and a careful dietary interview performed before diagnosing refractory disease. This supports assessing adherence in that specific situation, but the paper does not establish a general consensus that it should be assessed during routine follow-up of all coeliac disease patients. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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Authors
Ludvigsson, J. F., Leffler, D. A., Bai, J. C., Biagi, F., Fasano, A., Green, P. H. R., Hadjivassiliou, M., Kaukinen, K., Kelly, C. P., Leonard, J. N., Lundin, K. E. A., Murray, J. A., Sanders, D. S., Walker, M. M., Zingone, F., & Ciacci, C.
Affiliations
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
  • Universidad del Salvador (AR)
  • University of Pavia (IT)
  • University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
  • Columbia University (US)
  • Royal Hallamshire Hospital (GB)
  • Tampere University (FI)
  • Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (GB)
  • Oslo University Hospital (NO)
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • St Mary's Hospital (GB)
  • University of Naples Federico II (IT)
  • University of Salerno (IT)
Corresponding author
Leffler, Daniel A
ORCID
Venue
Gut
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2012-02-16
Volume
62
Issue
1
Pages
43-52
ISSN
  • 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
  • 1468-3288
DOI
10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301346
PMC
PMC3440559
OpenAlex
W2116287226
Cited by
1,721
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 77 · 2025: 114 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 116 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 154 · 2020: 137 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 128 · 2017: 125 · 2016: 144 · 2015: 145 · 2014: 123 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 31
FWCI
122.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Gut (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
  • Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Vetenskapsrådet (522-2A09-195)
  • Svenska Läkaresällskapet
  • National Institutes of Health (DK1042103881)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23DK082619, DK1042103881, R03DK095937)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Celiac Disease Research and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Eosinophilic Esophagitis
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Keywords
celiac disease, gluten-related disorders, gluten intolerance, gluten sensitivity, dermatitis herpetiformis, gluten ataxia, celiac serology, terminology definitions
MeSH terms
Celiac Disease, Dermatitis Herpetiformis, Genetic Markers, Glutens, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Phenotype, Recurrence, Diet, Gluten-Free, Asymptomatic Diseases

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