Cited by 490Schizophrenia research and treatmentPharmacology and Obesity TreatmentEating Disorders and Behaviors

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 363 of the 363 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Almost All Antipsychotics Result in Weight Gain: A Meta-Analysis

Open access

Bak, Maarten, Fransen, Annemarie, Janssen, Jouke, van Os, Jim, Drukker, Marjan·2014·PLoS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0094112PMC PMC3998960

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Antipsychotics (AP) induce weight gain. However, reviews and meta-analyses generally are restricted to second generation antipsychotics (SGA) and do not stratify for duration of AP use. It is hypothesised that patients gain more weight if duration of AP use is longer. METHOD: A meta-analysis was conducted of clinical trials of AP that reported weight change. Outcome measures were body weight change, change in BMI and clinically relevant weight change (7% weight gain or loss). Duration of AP-use was stratified as follows: ≤6 weeks, 6-16 weeks, 16-38 weeks and >38 weeks. Forest plots stratified by AP as well as by duration of use were generated and results were summarised in figures. RESULTS: 307 articles met inclusion criteria. The majority were AP switch studies. Almost all AP showed a degree of weight gain after prolonged use, except for amisulpride, aripiprazole and ziprasidone, for which prolonged exposure resulted in negligible weight change. The level of weight gain per AP varied from discrete to severe. Contrary to expectations, switch of AP did not result in weight loss for amisulpride, aripiprazole or ziprasidone. In AP-naive patients, weight gain was much more pronounced for all AP. CONCLUSION: Given prolonged exposure, virtually all AP are associated with weight gain. The rational of switching AP to achieve weight reduction may be overrated. In AP-naive patients, weight gain is more pronounced.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pone.0094112

Cites

363 of 363 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,893
Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology<SUBTITLE>A Proposal for Reporting</SUBTITLE>
Stroup, D. F. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 · Cited by 20,623
Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia
Lieberman, J. A., Stroup, T. S., McEvoy, J. P., Swartz, M. S., Rosenheck, R. A., Perkins, D. O., Keefe, R. S. E., Davis, S. M., Davis, C. E., Lebowitz, B. D., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051688 · Cited by 5,892 · cited 1×
“1999 [62–68]; 2000 [69–73]; 2001 [74–90]; 2002 [37,91–106]; 2003 [107–132]; 2004 [133–157]; 2005 [158–191]; 2006 [46,192– 218]; 2007 [219–254]; 2008 [45,49,255–286]; 2009 [287–317]; 2010 [43,318–338]; 2011 [50,339–359]”
Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis
Leucht, S., Cipriani, A., Spineli, L., Mavridis, D., Örey, D., Richter, F., Samara, M., Barbui, C., Engel, R. R., Geddes, J. R., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60733-3 · Cited by 2,561
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis
Allison, D. B., Mentore, J. L., Heo, M., Chandler, L. P., Cappelleri, J. C., Infante, M. C., & Weiden, P. J. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.11.1686 · Cited by 2,382 · cited 6×
“In addition, Allison [19] suggested to study clinically significant weight gain and weight loss and provided a definition.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
A Systematic Review of Mortality in Schizophrenia: Is the Differential Mortality Gap Worsening Over Time?
Saha, S., Chant, D., & McGrath, J. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1123 · Cited by 2,065 · cited 1×
“Compared to the general population, the risk of developing cardiovascular illness is doubled and more than five times higher for endocrine disease [12,14].”
Background
11-year follow-up of mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study (FIN11 study)
Tiihonen, J., Lönnqvist, J., Wahlbeck, K., Klaukka, T., Niskanen, L., Tanskanen, A., & Haukka, J. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60742-x · Cited by 1,354
Effectiveness of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
Schneider, L. S., Tariot, P. N., Dagerman, K. S., Davis, S. M., Hsiao, J. K., Ismail, M. S., Lebowitz, B. D., Lyketsos, C. G., Ryan, J. M., Stroup, T. S., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa061240 · Cited by 1,206
Metabolic and cardiovascular adverse effects associated with antipsychotic drugs.
De Hert, M., Detraux, J., van Winkel, R., Yu, W., & Correll, C. U. (2012) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.156 · Cited by 1,145 · cited 1×
“Indeed some reviews address this issue although restricted to only schizophrenia and bipolar disorder [27,61].”
Background
Excess Mortality in Bipolar and Unipolar Disorder in Sweden
Ösby, U., Brandt, L., Correia, N., Ekbom, A., & Sparén, P. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.9.844 · Cited by 1,120 · cited 1×
“6 in women [15].”

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 362 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

P Chue, 2005, Study of long-term quetiapine treatment, The journal of applied research, 5, 246

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 490

Collaborative Deprescribing in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Narrative Review
Fineberg, S. K., Gupta, S., & Leavitt, J. (2019) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000200 · Cited by 37
Crosstalk between Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Oxytocinergic Dysfunction
Goh, K. K., Chen, C. Y.-A., Wu, T., Chen, C.-H., & Lu, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23137092 · Cited by 41
A randomized controlled trial of the GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide in primary polydipsia
Winzeler, B., Sailer, C. O., Coynel, D., Zanchi, D., Vogt, D. R., Urwyler, S. A., Refardt, J., & Christ-Crain, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci151800 · Cited by 37
Clinical Characteristics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Psychiatric Disease
Knechtle, B., Economou, N.-T., Nikolaidis, P. Τ., Velentza, L., Kallianos, A., Steiropoulos, P., Koutsompolis, D., Rosemann, T. J., & Trakada, G. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8040534 · Cited by 36
Pathophysiology of drug induced weight and metabolic effects: findings from an RCT in healthy volunteers treated with olanzapine, iloperidone, or placebo
Ballon, J. S., Pajvani, U. B., Mayer, L., Freyberg, Z., Freyberg, R. J., Contreras, I., ROSENBAUM, M. S., Leibel, R. L., & Lieberman, J. A. (2018) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881118754708 · Cited by 33
“Of particular concern for the preferentially used second-generation APDs are their adverse metabolic consequences including weight gain, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, rates of which vary by particular drug (Bak et al., 2014).”
A phenotypic Caenorhabditis elegans screen identifies a selective suppressor of antipsychotic-induced hyperphagia
Pérez‐Gómez, A., Carretero, M., Weber, N., Peterka, V., To, A., Titova, V., Solis, G. M., Osborn, O., & Petrascheck, M. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07684-y · Cited by 35
Samidorphan mitigates olanzapine-induced weight gain and metabolic dysfunction in rats and non-human primates
Cunningham, J. I., Eyerman, D. J., Todtenkopf, M. S., Dean, R. L., Deaver, D. R., Sánchez, C., & Namchuk, M. (2019) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881119856850 · Cited by 33
Weight gain and comorbidities associated with oral second-generation antipsychotics: analysis of real-world data for patients with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder
Doane, M. J., Bessonova, L., Friedler, H. S., Mortimer, K. M., Cheng, H., Brecht, T., O’Sullivan, A. K., Cummings, H., McDonnell, D., & Meyer, J. M. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03758-w · Cited by 35
Weight gain and metabolic change as predictors of symptom improvement in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients treated over 12 months
Luckhoff, H. K., Phahladira, L., Scheffler, F., Asmal, L., du Plessis, S., Chiliza, B., Kilian, S., & Emsley, R. A. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.031 · Cited by 33
Effects of long-term antipsychotics treatment on body weight: A population-based cohort study
Bazo‐Alvarez, J. C., Morris, T. P., Carpenter, J. R., Hayes, J., & Petersen, I. (2019) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881119885918 · Cited by 32
Weight and body mass index increase in children and adolescents exposed to antipsychotic drugs in non-interventional settings: a meta-analysis and meta-regression
Pozzi, M., Ferrentino, R. I., Scrinzi, G., Scavone, C., Capuano, A., Radice, S., Nobile, M., Formisano, P., Clementi, E., Bravaccio, C., et al. (2020) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01582-9 · Cited by 31
Risk factors, prevention and treatment of weight gain associated with the use of antidepressants and antipsychotics: a state-of-the-art clinical review
Solmi, M., Miola, A., Capone, F., Pallottino, S., Højlund, M., Firth, J., Siskind, D. J., Holt, R. I. G., Corbeil, O., Cortese, S., et al. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1080/14740338.2024.2396396 · Cited by 35
“Importantly, not only younger age, but also early phases of disease are associated with an increased propensity for anti-psychotic-related weight gain, especially in people who are antipsychotic-naive or have a first-episode of psychosis [168– 173].”
Managing cardiovascular disease risk in patients treated with antipsychotics: a multidisciplinary approach
Shulman, M., Miller, A., Misher, J., & Tentler, A. (2014) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s49817 · Cited by 30
“In contrast, a recent meta-analysis concluded that a switch strategy to another agent was generally weight-neutral overall and that patients did not lose the weight previously gained.(73) This was true even with a switch to aripiprazole, ziprasidone or amisulpride.”
Detecting and Managing Adverse Effects of Antipsychotic Medications
Ames, D., Carr‐Lopez, S. M., Gutierrez, M. A., Pierre, J. M., Rosen, J. A., Shakib, S., & Yudofsky, L. M. (2016) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2016.01.008 · Cited by 33
Investigating the link between drug-naive first episode psychoses (FEPs), weight gain abnormalities and brain structural damages: Relevance and implications for therapy
Minichino, A., Ando, A. M. C., Francesconi, M., Salatino, A., Chiaie, R. D., & Cadenhead, K. S. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.020 · Cited by 32
Understanding the impact of diet and nutrition on symptoms of Tourette syndrome: A scoping review
Ludlow, A., & Rogers, S. L. (2018) · Journal of Child Health Care · doi:10.1177/1367493517748373 · Cited by 35
Severe weight gain as an adverse drug reaction of psychotropics: Data from the AMSP project between 2001 and 2016
Schneider, M., Pauwels, P., Toto, S., Bleich, S., Grohmann, R., Heinze, M., & Greiner, T. (2020) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.05.001 · Cited by 31
Association between antipsychotic medication and clinically relevant weight change: meta-analysis
Campforts, B. C. M., Drukker, M., Crins, J., van Amelsvoort, T., & Bak, M. (2023) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2022.619 · Cited by 32
“20 This update was limited to data on CRWG and CRWL, and included the new antipsychotics introduced from 2012 onwards.”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Mechanism and treatments of antipsychotic-induced weight gain
Ye, W., Xing, J., Yu, Z., Hu, X., & Yan, Z. (2023) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-023-01291-8 · Cited by 34
Therapeutic improvements expected in the near future for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: an appraisal of phase III clinical trials of schizophrenia-targeted therapies as found in US and EU clinical trial registries
Garay, R. P., Citrome, L., Samalin, L., Liu, C., Thomsen, M. S., Correll, C. U., Hameg, A., & Llorca, P. (2016) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2016.1149164 · Cited by 30
The experience of body image concerns in patients with persecutory delusions: ‘People don't want to sit next to me’
Marshall, E., Freeman, D. H., & Waite, F. (2019) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12246 · Cited by 30
“Potential causes of obesity in patients include the adverse effects of antipsychotic medication, genetic vulnerabilities, metabolic syndrome, psychosocial risk factors, and unhealthy lifestyles (Bak, Fransen, Janssen, van Os & Drukker, 2014; Manu et al., 2015; McEvoy et al., 2005).”
Long-term safety and durability of effect with a combination of olanzapine and samidorphan in patients with schizophrenia: results from a 1-year open-label extension study
Yagoda, S., Graham, C. E., Simmons, A., Arevalo, C., Jiang, Y., & McDonnell, D. (2020) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852920001376 · Cited by 28
Examining Nutrition Knowledge, Skills, and Eating Behaviours in People with Severe Mental Illness: A Cross-Sectional Comparison among Psychiatric Inpatients, Outpatients, and Healthy Adults
Mötteli, S., Provaznikova, B., Vetter, S., Jäger, M., Seifritz, E., & Hotzy, F. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15092136 · Cited by 28
Schizophrenia Mortality: Barriers to Progress
Seeman, M. V. (2019) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-019-09645-0 · Cited by 32
Association between the glyco-metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs and their chemical and pharmacological profile: a network meta-analysis and regression
Carnovale, C., Lucenteforte, E., Battini, V., Mazhar, F., Fornili, M., Invernizzi, E., Mosini, G., Gringeri, M., Capuano, A., Scavone, C., et al. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721000180 · Cited by 27
Common Medications Which Lead to Unintended Alterations in Weight Gain or Organ Lipotoxicity
Medici, V., McClave, S. A., & Miller, K. R. (2015) · Current Gastroenterology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11894-015-0479-4 · Cited by 30
Tobacco Use Decreases Visual Sensitivity in Schizophrenia
Fernandes, T. M. P., de Andrade, M. J. O., Santana, J. B., Nogueira, R. M. T. B. L., & dos Santos, N. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00288 · Cited by 26
The effects of brexpiprazole and aripiprazole on body weight as monotherapy in patients with schizophrenia and as adjunctive treatment in patients with major depressive disorder: an analysis of short-term and long-term studies
Weiss, C., Weiller, E., Baker, R. A., Duffy, R. A., Gwin, K. K., Zhang, P., & McQuade, R. D. (2018) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000226 · Cited by 28
Semaglutide and Early-Stage Metabolic Abnormalities in Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Sass, M. R., Klausen, M. K., Schwarz, C. R., Rasmussen, L., Giver, M. E. B., Hviid, M., Schilling, C., Zamorski, A., Jensen, A., Gefke, M., et al. (2025) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.3639 · Cited by 28
The bi-directional association between bipolar disorder and obesity: Evidence from Meta and bioinformatics analysis
Kambey, P. A., Kodzo, L. D., Serojane, F., & Bolorunduro, J. O. (2023) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-023-01277-6 · Cited by 26
How can we increase physical activity and exercise among youth experiencing first‐episode psychosis? A systematic review of intervention variables
Rosenbaum, S., Lederman, O., Stubbs, B., Vancampfort, D., Stanton, R., & Ward, P. B. (2015) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12238 · Cited by 29
Early Intervention in Psychosis: Effectiveness and Implementation of a Combined Exercise and Health Behavior Intervention Within Routine Care
Smith, J., Griffiths, L., Band, M., Hird-Smith, R., Williams, B., Bold, J., Bradley, E., Dilworth, R., & Horne, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.577691 · Cited by 24
Military service and other socioecological factors influencing weight and health behavior change in overweight and obese Veterans: a qualitative study to inform intervention development within primary care at the United States Veterans Health Administration
Jay, M. R., Mateo, K. F., Squires, A. P., Kalet, A. L., & Sherman, S. E. (2016) · BMC Obesity · doi:10.1186/s40608-016-0087-3 · Cited by 26
Altered reward anticipation: Potential explanation for weight gain in schizophrenia?
Grimm, O., Kaiser, S., Plichta, M. M., & Tobler, P. N. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.029 · Cited by 26
“, 2008); and iii) the effect of antipsychotic medication on weight (Bak et al., 2014; Deng et al., 2010; Sharma et al., 2014).”
Influential
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Patients with Severe Mental Illness Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest Uganda
Agaba, D. C., Migisha, R., Namayanja, R., Katamba, G., Lugobe, H. M., Aheisibwe, H., Twesigomwe, G., & Ashaba, S. (2019) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2019/1096201 · Cited by 26
“This cage that I’m stuck inside”: Autistic adults’ perceptions of weight management, body weight, and body image
Healy, S., Pacanowski, C. R., Kennedy, L., & Obrusníková, I. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211006989 · Cited by 23
Polygenic risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus among individuals with psychosis and their relatives
Padmanabhan, J. L., Nanda, P., Tandon, N., Mothi, S. S., Bolo, N. R., McCarroll, S. A., Clementz, B. A., Gershon, E. S., Pearlson, G. D., Sweeney, J. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.015 · Cited by 23
Enhancing metabolic monitoring for children and adolescents using second‐generation antipsychotics
Coughlin, M., Goldie, C., Tregunno, D., Tranmer, J. E., Kanellos‐Sutton, M., & Khalid‐Khan, S. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12417 · Cited by 24
“Short-term follow-up (0–6 weeks) monitoring is necessary in SGA-na€ıve patients as weight gain is often the most substantial in first 6 weeks of treatment, while long-term follow-up is crucial as weight gain is correlated with duration of exposure (Bak et al. 2014).”
Effect of Betahistine and Metformin on Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: An Analysis of Two Clinical Trials
Kang, D., Jing, Z., Li, R., Hei, G., Shao, T., Li, L., Sun, M., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, X., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00620 · Cited by 23
Psychotropic Medications in Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Research Updates and Clinical Considerations
Coughlin, J. W., Steffen, K. J., Sockalingam, S., & Mitchell, J. E. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01317-4 · Cited by 23
Olanzapine‐associated dose‐dependent alterations for weight and metabolic parameters in a prospective cohort
Schoretsanitis, G., Dubath, C., Grosu, C., Piras, M., Laaboub, N., Ranjbar, S., Ansermot, N., Crettol, S., Vandenberghe, F., Gamma, F., et al. (2022) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.13715 · Cited by 22
Atypical antipsychotics: A review on the prevalence, monitoring, and management of their metabolic and cardiovascular side effects
Chong, J. W. X., Tan, E. H.-J., Chong, C. E., Ng, Y., & Wijesinghe, R. (2016) · Mental Health Clinician · doi:10.9740/mhc.2016.07.178 · Cited by 22
“Expert opinion indicates that the greatest amount of weight gain occurs within the first weeks of treatment and suggests that AAPs with a low risk of weight gain should be used at first initiation, whereas others should be reserved for situations of treatment resistance,(8) although weight gain is a possibility for th…”
Influential
Cardiometabolic Risks in Schizophrenia and Directions for Intervention, 1:Magnitude and Moderators of the Problem
Andrade, C. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.16f10997 · Cited by 22
Adipokine levels are associated with insulin resistance in antipsychotics users independently of BMI
Vedal, T. S. J., Steen, N. E., Birkeland, K. I., Dieset, I., Reponen, E. J., Laskemoen, J. F., Rødevand, L. N., Melle, I. S., Andreassen, O. A., Molden, E., et al. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.001 · Cited by 22
“Second generation antipsychotic drugs which are commonly prescribed today are known to induce weight gain and obesity and accelerate the development of metabolic syndrome, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Abosi et al., 2018; Bak et al., 2014).”
Monthly Extended-Release Risperidone (RBP-7000) in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Andorn, A. C., Graham, J., Csernansky, J. G., Newcomer, J. W., Shinde, S., Muma, G., Heidbreder, C. A., & D, M. F. M. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000001076 · Cited by 22
Concomitant medications, functional foods, and supplements: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022
Tondt, J., & Bays, H. E. (2022) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100017 · Cited by 22
“Rarely, depending on the strength of the science, the FDA may grant functional foods health claims for marketing purposes, especially Perphenazine Neutral or variable effects on body weight [15,39] a As previously discussed, wide variance exists in individual weight responses to medications.”
Background
The metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotic use in individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disability: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Smith, E., Stogios, N., Au, E., Maksyutynska, K., De, R., Ji, A., Sørensen, M. E., John, L. S., Lin, H., Desarkar, P., et al. (2022) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13484 · Cited by 21
Predicting antipsychotic-induced weight gain in first episode psychosis – A field-wide systematic review and meta-analysis of non-genetic prognostic factors
Fitzgerald, I., Sahm, L. J., Byrne, A., O’Connell, J., Ensor, J., Dhubhlaing, C. N., O’Dwyer, S., & Crowley, E. K. (2023) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2417 · Cited by 22
Missed diagnosis—a major barrier to patient access to obesity healthcare in the primary care setting
Meron, M. K., Eizenstein, S., Cukierman‐Yaffe, T., & Oieru, D. (2024) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-024-01514-6 · Cited by 21
“We excluded individuals who were ﬁ lling prescriptions within 3 months prior to the index event for oral glucocorticoid [9] or second-generation antipsychotic medications [10], which are commonly prescribed medications known to cause weight gain (Table S3).”
Background
Brain volume change in first‐episode psychosis: an effect of antipsychotic medication independent of BMI change
Jørgensen, K. N., Nesvåg, R., Nerland, S., Mørch-Johnsen, L. E., Westlye, L. T., Lange, E. H., Haukvik, U. K., Hartberg, C. B., Melle, I. S., Andreassen, O. A., et al. (2016) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12677 · Cited by 22
Comparison of metabolic syndrome prevalence in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder
nayerifard, R., bureng, M. A., Zahiroddin, A., namjoo, M., & Rajezi, S. (2017) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.027 · Cited by 21
Investigating the Agreement Between Cardiovascular Disease Risk Calculators Among People Diagnosed With Schizophrenia
Berry, A., Drake, R., Webb, R. T., Ashcroft, D. M., Carr, M., & Yung, A. R. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00685 · Cited by 20
Metabolomics-based understanding of the olanzapine-induced weight gain in female first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia
Liu, J. H., Chen, N., Guo, Y. H., Guan, X. N., Wang, J., Wang, D., & Xiu, M. H. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.001 · Cited by 21
Predictors of rapid high weight gain in schizophrenia: Longitudinal analysis of the French FACE-SZ cohort
Godin, O., Leboyer, M., Schürhoff, F., Boyer, L., Andrianarisoa, M., Brunel, L., Bulzacka, E., Aouizerate, B., Berna, F. S., Capdevielle, D., et al. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.06.008 · Cited by 23
The impact of participant mental health on attendance and engagement in a trial of behavioural weight management programmes: secondary analysis of the WRAP randomised controlled trial
Jones, R. A., Mueller, J., Sharp, S. J., Vincent, A., Duschinsky, R., Griffin, S. J., & Ahern, A. L. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01216-6 · Cited by 26
Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in People With a History of Hospitalization for Major Mental Illness in Scotland, 2001–2015: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Jackson, C., Fleetwood, K., Kerssens, J., Smıth, D. J., Mercer, S. W., & Wild, S. H. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-2152 · Cited by 21
Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk between clozapine and non-clozapine antipsychotic users with schizophrenia
Quek, Y. F., See, Y. M., Yee, J. Y., Rekhi, G., Ng, B. T., Tang, C. Y. Z., & Lee, J. (2022) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103192 · Cited by 20
Altered gene expression in antipsychotic-induced weight gain
Crespo‐Facorro, B., Prieto, C., & Sainz, J. (2019) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-019-0075-y · Cited by 23
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Vancampfort, D., Holt, R. I. G., Stubbs, B., Binder, M. D., Samaras, K., & Mitchell, A. J. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803376-0.00012-5 · Cited by 21
Etifoxine reverses weight gain and alters the colonic bacterial community in a mouse model of obesity
Ibrahim, K. S., Craft, J. A., Biswas, L., Spencer, J., & Shu, X. (2020) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114151 · Cited by 22
Double jeopardy: a review of weight gain and weight management strategies for psychotropic medication prescribing during methadone maintenance treatment
Schlienz, N. J., Huhn, A. S., Speed, T. J., Sweeney, M. M., & Antoine, D. G. (2018) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1509843 · Cited by 20
T4 and waist:hip ratio as biomarkers of antipsychotic-induced weight gain in Han Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia
Li, S., Gao, Y., Lv, H., Zhang, M., Wang, L., Jiang, R., Xu, C., Wang, X., Gao, M., He, Y., et al. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.11.010 · Cited by 19
A new genetic locus for antipsychotic-induced weight gain: A genome-wide study of first-episode psychosis patients using amisulpride (from the OPTiMiSE cohort)
ter Hark, S. E., Jamain, S., Schijven, D., Lin, B. D., Bakker, M. K., Boland, A., Deleuze, J., Troudet, R., Malhotra, A. K., Gülöksüz, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881120907972 · Cited by 19
An Innovative Approach to Designing Digital Health Solutions Addressing the Unmet Needs of Obese Patients in Europe
Patalano, R., Luca, V. D., Vogt, J., Birov, S., Giovannelli, L., Carruba, G., Pivonello, C., Stroetmann, V. N., Triassi, M., Colao, A., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18020579 · Cited by 19
Hypertension and psychosis
Sudarshan, Y., & Cheung, B. M. Y. (2022) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-141386 · Cited by 23
Medication-induced weight gain and advanced therapies for the child with overweight and obesity: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement 2022
Cuda, S. E., Censani, M., Kharofa, R. Y., O’Hara, V. M., Conroy, R., Williams, D. R., Paisley, J., Browne, A. F., Karjoo, S., & Browne, N. T. (2022) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100048 · Cited by 19
“The speci ﬁ c medication with the highest weight gain is olanzapine, followed by clozapine, risperidone, and aripiprazole [18].”
Background
Pimozide, a Novel Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Inhibitor, Promotes Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells by Activating PPARγ
Wang, Y., Lin, H., Law, W.-K., Liang, W.-C., Zhang, J.-F., Hu, J., Ip, T.-M., Waye, M. M. Y., & Wan, D. C. (2014) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/cn5002107 · Cited by 19
Time-dependent effects of olanzapine treatment on the expression of histidine decarboxylase, H1 and H3 receptor in the rat brain: The roles in olanzapine-induced obesity
He, M. X., Zhang, Q., Deng, C., Jin, T., Song, X., Wang, H., & Huang, X. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.08.022 · Cited by 19
The Influence of Metabolic Syndrome and Sex on the DNA Methylome in Schizophrenia
Burghardt, K. J., Goodrich, J. M., Lines, B. N., & Ellingrod, V. L. (2018) · International Journal of Genomics · doi:10.1155/2018/8076397 · Cited by 19
Low-grade inflammation in first-episode psychosis is determined by increased waist circumference
Keinänen, J., Suvisaari, J., Reinikainen, J., Kieseppä, T., Lindgren, M., Mäntylä, T. J. S., Rikandi, E., Sundvall, J., Torniainen‐Holm, M., & Mantere, O. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.022 · Cited by 19
Is there a ‘weight neutral’ second-generation antipsychotic for bipolar disorder?
Fang, F., Wang, Z., Wu, R., Calabrese, J. R., & Gao, K. (2017) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2016.1276284 · Cited by 18
Exploring the role of ketone bodies in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders
Omori, N. E., Malys, M. K., Woo, G. H., & Mansor, L. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1142682 · Cited by 19
Aripiprazole Lauroxil: A Review in Schizophrenia
Frampton, J. E. (2017) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0848-4 · Cited by 19
Multimorbidity of overweight and obesity alongside anxiety and depressive disorders in individuals with spinal cord injury
Graupensperger, S. A., Sweet, S. N., & Evans, M. B. (2018) · Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine · doi:10.1080/10790268.2018.1507801 · Cited by 20
The effects of provider-prescribed obesogenic drugs on post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Leggett, C. B., Desalermos, A. P., Brown, S. D., Lee, E., Proudfoot, J. A., Horgan, S., Gupta, S. N., Grunvald, E. L., Ho, S. B., & Zarrinpar, A. (2018) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-018-0207-x · Cited by 18
Sex differences in gene expression related to antipsychotic induced weight gain
Sainz, J., Prieto, C. A. V., & Crespo‐Facorro, B. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215477 · Cited by 21
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors in an African-Caribbean population with severe mental illness.
de Caluwé, L., van Buitenen, N., Gelan, P., Crunelle, C., Thomas, R., Casseres, S., Matthys, F., Harten, P., & Cahn, W. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112558 · Cited by 15
“antidepressants can induce weight gain and metabolic dysregulation (Bak et al., 2014; Correll et al., 2015; Mitchell et al., 2013a; Stahl et al., 2009).”
Background
Acceptability of Acute and Maintenance Pharmacotherapy of Bipolar Disorder
Bai, Y., Yang, H., Chen, G., & Gao, K. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000001169 · Cited by 19
An exercise intervention for people with serious mental illness: Findings from a qualitative data analysis using participatory theme elicitation
Yap, J., McCartan, C. J., Davidson, G., White, C., Bradley, L., Webb, P., Badham, J., Breslin, G., & Best, P. (2020) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13141 · Cited by 18
Reducing weight gain in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and first episode psychosis: describing the process of developing the STructured lifestyle Education for People With SchizophrEnia (STEPWISE) intervention
Carey, M., Barnett, J., Doherty, Y., Barnard, K., Daly, H., French, P., Gossage-Worrall, R., Hadjiconstantinou, M., Hind, D., Mitchell, J., et al. (2018) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-018-0378-1 · Cited by 18
The Role of Adiponectin in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Disturbances in Patients With Schizophrenia
Chen, C. Y.-A., Goh, K. K., Chen, C.-H., & Lu, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.605124 · Cited by 18
Association between olanzapine concentration and metabolic dysfunction in drug-naive and chronic patients: similarities and differences
Kang, D., Lu, J., Liu, W., Shao, P., & Wu, R. (2022) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-022-00211-5 · Cited by 17
Weight and metabolic changes in early psychosis―association with daily quantification of medication exposure during the first hospitalization
Vochosková, K., McWhinney, S. R., Fialová, M., Kolenič, M., Španiel, F., Švancer, P., Boron, P., Okaji, Y., Trančík, P., & Hájek, T. (2023) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13594 · Cited by 17
How Do Glucocorticoids Used in Rheumatic Disease Affect Body Weight? A Narrative Review of the Evidence
Morgan, C., Costello, R. E., Ray, D. W., & Dixon, W. G. (2019) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.23879 · Cited by 17
Molecular pathway analysis associates alterations in obesity-related genes and antipsychotic-induced weight gain
Corfitsen, H. T., Krantz, B., Larsen, A., & Drago, A. (2019) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2019.41 · Cited by 17
The Role of Proopiomelanocortin and α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in the Metabolic Syndrome in Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Mini-Review
Raue, S., Wedekind, D., Wiltfang, J., & Schmidt, U. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00834 · Cited by 17
Prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome and its components in adults with psychotic disorders in Eldoret, Kenya
Kwobah, E. K., Koen, N., Mwangi, A., Atwoli, L., & Stein, D. J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245086 · Cited by 17
Clinical management of major depressive disorder with comorbid obesity
Opel, N., Hanßen, R., Steinmann, L. A., Roempler, J., Köhler‐Forsberg, O., Hahn, M., Ferretti, F., Palmer, C., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Gold, S. M., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(25)00193-2 · Cited by 20
Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Meta‐Analysis of Pharmacotherapy
Viswanathan, M., Middleton, J. C., Stuebe, A. M., Berkman, N. D., Goulding, A. N., McLaurin‐Jiang, S., Dotson, A. B., Coker-Schwimmer, M. J. L., Baker, C., Voisin, C. E., et al. (2021) · Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1176/appi.prcp.20210001 · Cited by 17
The effect of antipsychotic treatment on hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers in healthy volunteers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Burghardt, K. J., Mando, W., Seyoum, B., Yi, Z., & Burghardt, P. R. (2022) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1002/phar.2689 · Cited by 16
Metformin ameliorates olanzapine-induced disturbances in POMC neuron number, axonal projection, and hypothalamic leptin resistance
Kim, J., Lee, N., Suh, S. B., Jang, S., Kim, S., Kim, D.-G., Park, J. K., Lee, K., Choi, S. Y., & Lee, C. H. (2022) · BMB Reports · doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.6.026 · Cited by 16
“However, atypical antipsychotic drugs have been reported to be frequently associated with hyperphagia-induced obesity and metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia (4, 5).”
Background
Pharmacological management of diabetes in severe mental illness: a comprehensive clinical review of efficacy, safety and tolerability
Lally, J., Loughlin, A. O., Stubbs, B., Guérandel, A., O'Shea, D. B., & Gaughran, F. (2018) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2018.1445968 · Cited by 18
Susceptibility of male wild type mouse strains to antipsychotic-induced weight gain
Zapata, R. C., & Osborn, O. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112859 · Cited by 16
Higher Body-Mass Index and Lower Gray Matter Volumes in First Episode of Psychosis
Kolenič, M., Španiel, F., Hlinka, J., Matějka, M., Knytl, P., Šebela, A., Renka, J., & Hájek, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.556759 · Cited by 17
No differences in olanzapine‐ and risperidone‐related weight gain between women and men: a meta‐analysis of short‐ and middle‐term treatment
Schoretsanitis, G., Drukker, M., van Os, J., Schruers, K. R. J., & Bak, M. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12879 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic effects show diurnal dependence and are reversible with time restricted feeding
Zapata, R. C., Silver, A., Yoon, D., Chaudry, B. S., Libster, A. M., McCarthy, M. J., & Osborn, O. (2022) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-022-00276-2 · Cited by 17
A low TSH profile predicts olanzapine-induced weight gain and relief by adjunctive topiramate in healthy male volunteers
Evers, S. S., van Vliet, A., van Vugt, B., Scheurink, A. J. W., & van Dijk, G. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.12.024 · Cited by 15
Minimizing Weight Gain for Patients Taking Antipsychotic Medications: The Potential Role for Early use of Metformin
Hendrick, V. C., Dasher, R., Gitlin, M. J., & Parsi, M. (2017) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/104012371702900205 · Cited by 15
Impact of Lurasidone and Other Antipsychotics on Body Weight: Real-World, Retrospective, Comparative Study of 15,323 Adults with Schizophrenia
Pochiero, I., Calisti, F., Comandini, A., Vecchio, A. D., Costamagna, I., Rosignoli, M. T., Cattaneo, A., Nunna, S., Peduto, I., Heiman, F., et al. (2021) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s320611 · Cited by 15
Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents on Atypical Antipsychotics
Pramyothin, P., & Khaodhiar, L. (2015) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-015-0623-4 · Cited by 16

Authors: Bak, M., Fransen, A., Janssen, J., van Os, J., & Drukker, M.
Affiliations: Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
Máxima Medisch Centrum (NL)
Corresponding author: Bak, Maarten
ORCID: Bak, Maarten
Fransen, Annemarie
Drukker, Marjan
Venue: PLoS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2014-04-24
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Pages: e94112
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094112
PMC: PMC3998960
OpenAlex: W2089001223
Cited by: 490
References: 362
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 5
FWCI: 5.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Keywords: antipsychotic drugs, weight gain, body mass index, antipsychotic switching, amisulpride, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, antipsychotic-naive patients, weight loss
MeSH terms: Bipolar Disorder, Humans, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Overweight

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Almost All Antipsychotics Result in Weight Gain: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks