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Biotic and Abiotic Properties Mediating Plant Diversity Effects on Soil Microbial Communities in an Experimental Grassland
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Plant diversity drives changes in the soil microbial community which may result in alterations in ecosystem functions. However, the governing factors between the composition of soil microbial communities and plant diversity are not well understood. We investigated the impact of plant diversity (plant species richness and functional group richness) and plant functional group identity on soil microbial biomass and soil microbial community structure in experimental grassland ecosystems. Total microbial biomass and community structure were determined by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. The diversity gradient covered 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 plant species and 1, 2, 3 and 4 plant functional groups (grasses, legumes, small herbs and tall herbs). In May 2007, soil samples were taken from experimental plots and from nearby fields and meadows. Beside soil texture, plant species richness was the main driver of soil microbial biomass. Structural equation modeling revealed that the positive plant diversity effect was mainly mediated by higher leaf area index resulting in higher soil moisture in the top soil layer. The fungal-to-bacterial biomass ratio was positively affected by plant functional group richness and negatively by the presence of legumes. Bacteria were more closely related to abiotic differences caused by plant diversity, while fungi were more affected by plant-derived organic matter inputs. We found diverse plant communities promoted faster transition of soil microbial communities typical for arable land towards grassland communities. Although some mechanisms underlying the plant diversity effect on soil microorganisms could be identified, future studies have to determine plant traits shaping soil microbial community structure. We suspect differences in root traits among different plant communities, such as root turnover rates and chemical composition of root exudates, to structure soil microbial communities.
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“First, a denser vegetation in highly diverse plant communities reduces evaporation from the topsoil, which in turn promotes higher soil microbial activity and growth 30 .”
From Plant diversity increases soil microbial activity and soil carbon storage (2015) · cites this paper as [30]
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Li, Y., Wang, J., Shen, C., Wang, J., Singh, B. K., & Ge, Y. (2022) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13900 · Cited by 49
“Therefore, the reduced water evaporation from topsoil owing to the denser vegetation in diverse plant communities could promote the soil microbial functions (Lange et al., 2014; Lange et al., 2015).”
BackgroundDing, K., Zhong, L., Xin, X., Xu, Z. H., Kang, X., Liu, W. J., Rui, Y., Jiang, L., Li, T., & Wang, Y. (2014) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-014-1016-z · Cited by 45
“However, our result was inconsistent with recent research works in Europe, revealing plant diversity (Lange et al. 2014).”
ResultA new experimental approach to test why biodiversity effects strengthen as ecosystems age
Vogel, A., Ebeling, A., Gleixner, G., Roscher, C., Scheu, S., Ciobanu, M., Koller-France, E., Lange, M., Lochner, A., Meyer, S. T., et al. (2019) · Advances in ecological research/Advances in Ecological Research · doi:10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.06.006 · Cited by 45
Self-citationKostin, J. E., Cesarz, S., Lochner, A., Schädler, M., Macdonald, C. A., & Eisenhauer, N. (2021) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.2325 · Cited by 45
“…higher plant species richness in these systems would have promoted microbial biomass and activity in the grasslands through increasing the quantity (Zak et al. 2003, Eisenhauer et al. 2010, Lange et al. 2014) and diversity of soil rhizodeposits (Lange et al. 2015, Eisenhauer et al. 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA sustainable way of increasing productivity of coconut cultivation using cover crops: A review
Dissanayaka, D., Nuwarapaksha, T. D., Udumann, S. S., Dissanayake, D. K. R. P. L., & Atapattu, A. J. (2022) · Circular Agricultural Systems · doi:10.48130/cas-2022-0007 · Cited by 41
Lakshmanan, V., Ray, P., & Craven, K. D. (2017) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7136-7_4 · Cited by 41
Hennecke, J., Bassi, L., Mommer, L., Albracht, C., Bergmann, J., Eisenhauer, N., Guerra, C. A., Heintz‐Buschart, A., Kuyper, T. W., Lange, M., et al. (2023) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.19261 · Cited by 41
“…two gradients of the RES, and we deliberately chose not to include other explaining biotic or abiotic variables, such as soil texture, nutrient content or plant functional group, for which the effect on fungal communities has been tested before (e.g. Lange et al ., 2014; Francioli et al ., 2021).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSong, X., Wang, L., Zhao, X., Liu, C., Chang, Q., Wang, Y., Xu, T., & Wang, D. (2017) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.003 · Cited by 40
Wang, C., Michalet, R., Liu, Z., Jiang, X., Wang, X., Zhang, G., An, L., Chen, S., & Xiao, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00925 · Cited by 42
Vandeginste, V., Lim, C., & Ji, Y. (2024) · Minerals · doi:10.3390/min14010075 · Cited by 43
Silva, A. O., da Costa, A. M., Teixeira, A. F. D. S., Guimarães, A. A., dos Santos, J. V., & Moreira, F. M. D. S. (2018) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.04.073 · Cited by 41
Ribeiro, P. C. D., Menéndez, E., da Silva, D. L., Boniek, D., Ramírez-Bahena, M.-H., de Resende, M. A., Péix, Á., Velázquez, E., Mateos, P. F., & Scotti, M. R. (2016) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.162 · Cited by 37
“Thus, the C:N ratio has longbeen considered an important tool to assess the soil fertility in both agricultural or natural ecosystems (Lange et al., 2014).”
MethodFu, G., & Shen, Z.-X. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152591 · Cited by 36
Zi, H., Hu, L., & Wang, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.829381 · Cited by 33
dos Santos, U. J., de Medeiros, É. V., Duda, G. P., Marques, M. C., de Souza, E. S., Brossard, M., & Hammecker, C. (2018) · Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science · doi:10.1080/03650340.2018.1523544 · Cited by 34
“Previous studies showed that plant diversity could affect the composition of the soil microbial community by the input and quality of residues (Lange et al. 2014; Couto et al. 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialLama, S., Velescu, A., Leimer, S., Weigelt, A., Chen, H., Eisenhauer, N., Scheu, S., Oelmann, Y., & Wilcke, W. (2020) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-020-04717-6 · Cited by 36
“On the contrary, the indirect path between species richness and microbial NH4 consumption rates via microbial biomass, which increased with species richness mainly because of increasing soil moisture (Lange et al. 2014) showed a positive relationship (Fig.”
BackgroundSelf-citationFungi are more sensitive than bacteria to drainage in the peatlands of the Zoige Plateau
Xue, D., Liu, T., Chen, H., Liu, J., Hu, J., & Liu, L. (2021) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107367 · Cited by 34
Mellado-Vázquez, P. G., Lange, M., & Gleixner, G. (2018) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-018-0528-9 · Cited by 32
Self-citationChalmandrier, L., Pansu, J., Zinger, L., Boyer, F., Coissac, É., Génin, A., Gielly, L., Lavergne, S., Legay, N., Schilling, V., et al. (2019) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.04492 · Cited by 33
Guimarães‐Steinicke, C. R., Weigelt, A., Proulx, R., Lanners, T., Eisenhauer, N., Duque‐Lazo, J., Reu, B., Roscher, C., Wagg, C., Buchmann, N., et al. (2021) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13631 · Cited by 34
“Such microclimatic effects of plant diversity can even cascade down to influencing soil microbial processes (Eisenhauer et al., 2010; Lange et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationZhou, Z., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, F. (2022) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-022-05525-y · Cited by 34
“Blastococcus produces surface active compounds that are potent biological emulsifiers that can be used for biodegradation and bioremediation of pesticides and other hydrocarbon pollutants in grasslands (Lange et al. 2014).”
BackgroundPivato, B., Bru, D., Busset, H., Deau, F., Matéjicek, A., Philippot, L., & Moreau, D. (2017) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.06.018 · Cited by 31
“These results are in line with previous observations in grassland systems that plant species richness beneficially affected soil microbial communities with, for example, increased microbial basal respiration and C biomass (Eisenhauer et al., 2013; Lange et al., 2014; Strecker et al., 2015, 2016).”
ResultDietrich, P., Buchmann, T., Cesarz, S., Eisenhauer, N., & Roscher, C. (2017) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-017-3328-4 · Cited by 32
“…between sown plant diversity and soil microbial activity (Spehn et al. 2000; Hedlund et al. 2003; Eisenhauer et al. 2010, 2013; Guenay et al. 2013; Lange et al. 2014, 2015), we did not find direct effects of plant species diversity on soil microbial activity in our linear mixed-effects models…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationWu, S., Huang, B.-H., Gao, J., Wang, S., & Liao, P. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.6147 · Cited by 31
Sokołowska, J., Józefowska, A., Woźnica, K., & Zaleski, T. (2020) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2020.104503 · Cited by 35
Niu, B., & Fu, G. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168878 · Cited by 30
Prediction of pasture yield using machine learning-based optical sensing: a systematic review
Stumpe, C., Leukel, J., & Zimpel, T. (2023) · Precision Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s11119-023-10079-9 · Cited by 31
“Another classification of input data is based on the dichotomy of biotic and abiotic factors affecting plant growth (Lange et al., 2014).”
Yang, J., Wang, Y., Cui, X., Xue, K., Zhang, Y., & Yu, Z. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55940-y · Cited by 30
Wang, X., Ge, Y., & Wang, J. (2017) · Journal of Plant Interactions · doi:10.1080/17429145.2017.1400123 · Cited by 29
“Plant diversity mainly affects the soil microbial function by changing the rhizodeposits and litter (Fanin et al. 2011; Lange et al. 2014, 2015), which may be mediated by species identity, biomass production and soil environments.”
BackgroundHoulihan, A. J., Conlin, P. L., & Chee‐Sanford, J. C. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218104 · Cited by 28
Groundcover management changes grapevine root fungal communities and plant-soil feedback
Vukicevich, E., Lowery, D. T., Úrbez-Torres, J. R., Bowen, P. A., & Hart, M. M. (2018) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-017-3532-2 · Cited by 27
“2014) as well as the plant community’s effect on soil moisture dynamics (Bezemer et al. 2006; Lange et al. 2014).”
BackgroundChen, X., Chen, H. Y. H., Chen, C., & Peng, S. (2019) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107634 · Cited by 27
Selection of endophytes as antagonists of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in açaí palm
Peters, L. P., Prado, L. D. S., da Silva, F. Í. N., de Souza, F. S. C., & Carvalho, C. M. (2020) · Biological Control · doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104350 · Cited by 26
Wan, X., Yu, Z., Wang, M., Zhang, Y., Lucas‐Borja, M. E., & Huang, Z. (2022) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108715 · Cited by 25
Sorkau, E., Boch, S., Boeddinghaus, R. S., Bonkowski, M., Fischer, M., Kandeler, E., Klaus, V. H., Kleinebecker, T., Marhan, S., Müller, J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/jpln.201700082 · Cited by 24
“Furthermore, a higher leaf area index associated with higher plant diversity resulted in 429 higher soil moisture in the top soil layer (Lange et al., 2014) favoring higher Pmic concentrations in soil 430 as was shown in our study.”
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Lange, M., Habekost, M., Eisenhauer, N., Roscher, C., Bessler, H., Engels, C., Oelmann, Y., Scheu, S., Wilcke, W., Schulze, E.-D., & Gleixner, G.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena (DE)
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (DE)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Gleixner, Gerd
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-05-09
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e96182
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4015938
- OpenAlex
- W2045806593
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 23.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- GRO (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- KITopen (cc-by)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FOR 456)
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- plant diversity, soil microbial communities, plant functional groups, plant species richness, soil microbial biomass, leaf area index, soil moisture, fungal to bacterial ratio, Fabaceae, plant-derived organic matter, root exudates, phospholipid fatty acids, grassland
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Chromatography, Gas, Fatty Acids, Fungi, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Models, Theoretical, Phospholipids, Plants, Soil, Soil Microbiology, Water, Plant Roots, Biomass, Biodiversity, Grassland
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