The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems

Van Der Heijden, Marcel G. A.; Bardgett, Richard D.; Van Straalen, Nico M.

doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x

Cited by 5,053Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant InteractionsSoil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsPlant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity

The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems

Van Der Heijden, Marcel G. A., Bardgett, Richard D., Van Straalen, Nico M.·2008·Ecology Letters

DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x

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Abstract

Microbes are the unseen majority in soil and comprise a large portion of life's genetic diversity. Despite their abundance, the impact of soil microbes on ecosystem processes is still poorly understood. Here we explore the various roles that soil microbes play in terrestrial ecosystems with special emphasis on their contribution to plant productivity and diversity. Soil microbes are important regulators of plant productivity, especially in nutrient poor ecosystems where plant symbionts are responsible for the acquisition of limiting nutrients. Mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are responsible for c. 5-20% (grassland and savannah) to 80% (temperate and boreal forests) of all nitrogen, and up to 75% of phosphorus, that is acquired by plants annually. Free-living microbes also strongly regulate plant productivity, through the mineralization of, and competition for, nutrients that sustain plant productivity. Soil microbes, including microbial pathogens, are also important regulators of plant community dynamics and plant diversity, determining plant abundance and, in some cases, facilitating invasion by exotic plants. Conservative estimates suggest that c. 20 000 plant species are completely dependent on microbial symbionts for growth and survival pointing to the importance of soil microbes as regulators of plant species richness on Earth. Overall, this review shows that soil microbes must be considered as important drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems.

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Rhizobium are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with legumes and allow them to fix nitrogen into the soil.
“Rhizobium are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with legumes and allow them to fix nitrogen into the soil [24].”
From Perchlorate and Agriculture on Mars (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
The long-term functionality of soil processes in agricultural systems is highly dependent on healthy microbial activity.
“The long-term functionality of all these soil processes in agricultural systems is highly dependent on healthy microbial activity (Van der Heijden et al., 2008).”
From Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe—A vision how to mobilize marginal lands (2018) · cites this paper as Van der Heijden et al., 2008

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Authors: Van Der Heijden, M. G. A., Bardgett, R. D., & Van Straalen, N. M.
Affiliations: Lancaster University (GB)
ORCID: Bardgett, Richard D.
Venue: Ecology Letters
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2007-11-29
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: 296-310
ISSN: 1461-023X (ISSN-L)
1461-0248
DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x
OpenAlex: W2118269781
Cited by: 5,053
References: 145
Citations by year: 2026: 337 · 2025: 425 · 2024: 398 · 2023: 371 · 2022: 396 · 2021: 428 · 2020: 410 · 2019: 408 · 2018: 296 · 2017: 308 · 2016: 261 · 2015: 220 · 2014: 186 · 2013: 173 · 2012: 132
FWCI: 5.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2008-05-04)
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Ecology Letters (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Keywords: soil microbes, plant diversity, plant productivity, mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, plant-microbe symbiosis, nutrient acquisition, nutrient mineralization, pathogenic microorganisms, vegetation dynamics, plant invasion, plant species richness, terrestrial ecosystems
MeSH terms: Plants, Soil Microbiology, Symbiosis, Ecosystem, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Mycorrhizae, Biodiversity

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The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems

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