Novel evidence that attributing affectively salient signal to random noise is associated with psychosis
Open accessAbstract
We wished to replicate evidence that an experimental paradigm of speech illusions is associated with psychotic experiences. Fifty-four patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) and 150 healthy subjects were examined in an experimental paradigm assessing the presence of speech illusion in neutral white noise. Socio-demographic, cognitive function and family history data were collected. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was administered in the patient group and the Structured Interview for Schizotypy-Revised (SIS-R), and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) in the control group. Patients had a much higher rate of speech illusions (33.3% versus 8.7%, ORadjusted: 5.1, 95% CI: 2.3-11.5), which was only partly explained by differences in IQ (ORadjusted: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.4-8.3). Differences were particularly marked for signals in random noise that were perceived as affectively salient (ORadjusted: 9.7, 95% CI: 1.8-53.9). Speech illusion tended to be associated with positive symptoms in patients (ORadjusted: 3.3, 95% CI: 0.9-11.6), particularly affectively salient illusions (ORadjusted: 8.3, 95% CI: 0.7-100.3). In controls, speech illusions were not associated with positive schizotypy (ORadjusted: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.3-3.4) or self-reported psychotic experiences (ORadjusted: 1.4, 95% CI: 0.4-4.6). Experimental paradigms indexing the tendency to detect affectively salient signals in noise may be used to identify liability to psychosis.
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Individuals with psychosis are more likely to perceive meaning in ambiguous stimuli.
“Reports of individuals with psychosis being more likely to perceive meaning in ambiguous stimuli would support this account (Catalan et al., 2014, Galdos et al., 2011).”
From The role of sleep dysfunction in the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations: A systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as Catalan et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Catalan, A., Simons, C. J. P., Bustamante, S., Drukker, M., Madrazo, A., de Artaza, M. G., Gorostiza, I., van Os, J., & Gonzalez-Torres, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- University of the Basque Country (ES)
- Hospital de Basurto (ES)
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-07-14
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e102520
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4097069
- OpenAlex
- W1998848241
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Communities in ADDI (University of the Basque Country) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Communities in ADDI (Universidad del Pais Vasco) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- first-episode psychosis, affective salience, random noise, psychotic experiences, positive symptoms, schizotypy, psychosis risk, signal detection in noise, replication
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Female, Humans, Illusions, Intelligence, Male, Middle Aged, Noise, Psychotic Disorders, Risk Factors, Speech Perception
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