Affectively salient meaning in random noise: A task sensitive to psychosis liability
Open accessAbstract
Stable differences in the tendency to attribute meaning and emotional value to experience may represent an indicator of liability to psychosis. A brief task was developed assessing variation in detecting affectively meaningful speech (speech illusion) in neutral random signals (white noise) and the degree to which this was associated with psychometric and familial vulnerability for psychosis. Thirty patients, 28 of their siblings, and 307 controls participated. The rate of speech illusion was compared between cases and controls. In controls, the association between speech illusion and interview-based positive schizotypy was assessed. The hypothesis of a dose-response increase in rate of speech illusion across increasing levels of familial vulnerability for psychosis (controls, siblings of patients, and patients) was examined. Patients were more likely to display speech illusions than controls (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-11.7), also after controlling for neurocognitive variables (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.04-14.1). The case-control difference was more accentuated for speech illusion perceived as affectively salient (positively or negatively appraised) than for neutrally appraised speech illusions. Speech illusion in the controls was strongly associated with positive schizotypy but not with negative schizotypy. In addition, the rate of speech illusion increased with increasing level of familial risk for psychotic disorder. The data suggest that the white noise task may be sensitive to psychometric and familial vulnerability for psychosis associated with alterations in top-down processing and/or salience attribution.
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Individuals with psychosis are more likely to perceive meaning in ambiguous stimuli.
“Reports of individuals with psychosis being more likely to perceive meaning in ambiguous stimuli would support this account (Catalan et al., 2014, Galdos et al., 2011).”
From The role of sleep dysfunction in the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations: A systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as Galdos et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Galdos, M., Simons, C., Fernandez-Rivas, A., Wichers, M., Peralta, C., Lataster, T., Amer, G., Myin-Germeys, I., Allardyce, J., Gonzalez-Torres, M. A., & van Os, J.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- Hospital Universitario Son Dureta (ES)
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-04-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1179-1186
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- PMC
- PMC3196950
- OpenAlex
- W2128290118
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Delusions, Female, Hallucinations, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Psychotic Disorders, Risk Factors, Social Perception, Speech, Siblings, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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