Molecular Phylogeny Reveals High Diversity, Geographic Structure and Limited Ranges in Neotenic Net-Winged Beetles Platerodrilus (Coleoptera: Lycidae)
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The neotenic Platerodrilus net-winged beetles have strongly modified development where females do not pupate and retain larval morphology when sexually mature. As a result, dispersal propensity of females is extremely low and the lineage can be used for reconstruction of ancient dispersal and vicariance patterns and identification of centres of diversity. We identified three deep lineages in Platerodrilus occurring predominantly in (1) Borneo and the Philippines, (2) continental Asia, and (3) Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and Java. We document limited ranges of all species of Platerodrilus and complete species level turnover between the Sunda Islands and even between individual mountain regions in Sumatra. Few dispersal events were recovered among the major geographical regions despite long evolutionary history of occurrence; all of them were dated at the early phase of Platerodrilus diversification up to the end of Miocene and no exchange of island faunas was identified during the Pliocene and Pleistocene despite the frequently exposed Sunda Shelf as sea levels fluctuated with each glacial cycle. We observed high diversity in the regions with persisting humid tropical forests during cool periods. The origins of multiple species were inferred in Sumatra soon after the island emerged and the mountain range uplifted 15 million years ago with the speciation rate lower since then. We suppose that the extremely low dispersal propensity makes Platerodrilus a valuable indicator of uninterrupted persistence of rainforests over a long time span. Additionally, if the diversity of these neotenic lineages is to be protected, a high dense system of protected areas would be necessary.
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In Strepsiptera and phylogenetically well-resolved elateroid beetles, the trade-off between dispersal and fecundity appears to be total, with no reversals apparent across phylogeny.
“In Strepsiptera (McMahon et al. , 2011a) and phylogenetically well-resolved elateroid beetles (e.g. Lycidae; Bocak et al. , 2008; Masek et al. , 2015), the trade-off appears to be total (no reversals are apparent across phylogeny; although see Jeng, 2008 for a wider discussion of Elateroidea).”
From Why grow up? <scp>A</scp> perspective on insect strategies to avoid metamorphosis (2016) · cites this paper as Masek et al., 2015
The Introduction (page unavailable) links wingless, larviform females in Lycidae to very limited dispersal and describes their investment in a relatively small number of large eggs. The Discussion (page unavailable) presents a phylogeny of these beetles, but the paper does not establish that the dispersal–fecundity trade-off is total or that no evolutionary reversals occurred. This verdict concerns the elateroid-beetle portion attributed to Masek et al., not the separately cited Strepsiptera portion. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVery limited ancestral ranges for Platerodrilus beetles, together with nutrient-poor diet and sedentary anti-predatory adaptations, could exacerbate a dispersal-reproduction trade-off due to reduced incentives to disperse.
“Together with what are thought to be very limited ancestral ranges for Platerodrilus beetles (Masek et al. , 2015), such factors could exacerbate a disperal reproduction-based trade off, due to reduced incentives to disperse (Zera & Harshman, 2001).”
From Why grow up? <scp>A</scp> perspective on insect strategies to avoid metamorphosis (2016) · cites this paper as Masek et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Masek, M., Palata, V., Bray, T. C., & Bocak, L.
- Affiliations
- Palacký University Olomouc (CZ)
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-04-28
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e0123855
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4412711
- OpenAlex
- W2095451420
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 4.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- European Science Foundation
- Grantová Agentura České Republiky (CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0004, GAP506/11/1757)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Coleoptera Taxonomy and Distribution
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Scarabaeidae Beetle Taxonomy and Biogeography
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Keywords
- Lycidae, neoteny, molecular phylogeny, geographic structure, species turnover, vicariance, dispersal limitation, Sunda Shelf, Sunda Islands, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, Miocene diversification, speciation rates, protected area planning
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Coleoptera, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Evolution, Molecular, Phylogeography
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