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The REporting of Studies Conducted Using Observational Routinely-Collected Health Data (RECORD) Statement: Methods for Arriving at Consensus and Developing Reporting Guidelines
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Routinely collected health data, collected for administrative and clinical purposes, without specific a priori research questions, are increasingly used for observational, comparative effectiveness, health services research, and clinical trials. The rapid evolution and availability of routinely collected data for research has brought to light specific issues not addressed by existing reporting guidelines. The aim of the present project was to determine the priorities of stakeholders in order to guide the development of the REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) statement. METHODS: Two modified electronic Delphi surveys were sent to stakeholders. The first determined themes deemed important to include in the RECORD statement, and was analyzed using qualitative methods. The second determined quantitative prioritization of the themes based on categorization of manuscript headings. The surveys were followed by a meeting of RECORD working committee, and re-engagement with stakeholders via an online commentary period. RESULTS: The qualitative survey (76 responses of 123 surveys sent) generated 10 overarching themes and 13 themes derived from existing STROBE categories. Highest-rated overall items for inclusion were: Disease/exposure identification algorithms; Characteristics of the population included in databases; and Characteristics of the data. In the quantitative survey (71 responses of 135 sent), the importance assigned to each of the compiled themes varied depending on the manuscript section to which they were assigned. Following the working committee meeting, online ranking by stakeholders provided feedback and resulted in revision of the final checklist. CONCLUSIONS: The RECORD statement incorporated the suggestions provided by a large, diverse group of stakeholders to create a reporting checklist specific to observational research using routinely collected health data. Our findings point to unique aspects of studies conducted with routinely collected health data and the perceived need for better reporting of methodological issues.
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“Extensive efforts were made to include a broad representation of stakeholders in the creation of these guidelines.”
From The Reporting of Studies Conducted Using Observational Routinely-Collected Health Data (RECORD) statement. (2015) · cites this paper as [16]
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The reporting of studies using routinely collected health data was often insufficient
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Champeaux-Depond, C., Constantinou, P., & Weller, J. (2020) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.012 · Cited by 16
Functional Outcome After Spinal Meningioma Surgery. A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Champeaux-Depond, C., Penet, N., Weller, J., Huec, J. L., & Jecko, V. (2022) · Neurospine · doi:10.14245/ns.2143186.593 · Cited by 16
“23,24 Informed consent was not required due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymised data, in accordance with the European General Data Protection Regulation (GRPD EU 2016/679).”
Welk, B. K., & Kwong, J. (2017) · Canadian Urological Association Journal · doi:10.5489/cuaj.4101 · Cited by 16
Ding, H., Li, X., Zhang, X., Li, J., & Li, Q. (2024) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09430-w · Cited by 15
“RECORD specifications were used for the present study [18].”
MethodTeece, L., Gray, L. J., Melbourne, C., Orton, C., Ford, D. V., Martin, C., McAllister, D., Khunti, K., Tobin, M. D., John, C., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046392 · Cited by 15
“The analysis plan is informed by likely event rates for each outcome, undertaking more sophisticated analyses for outcomes with sufficient power to provide meaningful results.”
BackgroundWakkee, M., van Egmond, S., Louwman, M. W. J., Bindels, P., van der Lei, J., Nijsten, T. E. C., & Hollestein, L. M. (2019) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2019.05.010 · Cited by 14
Vinci, A., Furia, G., Cammalleri, V., Colamesta, V., Chierchini, P., Corrado, O., Mammarella, A., Ingravalle, F., Bardhi, D., Malerba, R. M., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294785 · Cited by 16
Smith, M. Y., Morrato, E. H., Mora, N., Nguyen, V., Pinnock, H., & Winterstein, A. G. (2024) · Drug Safety · doi:10.1007/s40264-024-01417-5 · Cited by 13
“Existing checklists for observational research in health-care (i.e., STROBE [28]), or for research using routinely collected health data (RECORD [29]; RECORD-PE [30]) focus on a limited set of study designs, methods, and data sources.”
Rosic, T., Duncan, L., Wang, L., Eltorki, M., Boyle, M., Sassi, R. B., BENNETT, K. J., Brotherston, L., Pires, P., Akintan, O., et al. (2019) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 13
Luong, K. P., Peters, M., Slijper, H. P., Hummelink, S., & Ulrich, D. J. O. (2023) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000011029 · Cited by 12
“28”
Changes in patient-reported satisfaction and quality-of-life 6 months after rhinoplasty
Luong, K. P., Slijper, H. P., Stubenitsky, B. M., Hummelink, S., & Ulrich, D. J. O. (2024) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2024.02.038 · Cited by 12
Petit, P., & Vuillerme, N. (2025) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/62939 · Cited by 16
Epidemiology and Survival after Spinal Meningioma Surgery: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Jecko, V., Weller, J., Houston, D., & Champeaux-Depond, C. (2022) · Asian Spine Journal · doi:10.31616/asj.2021.0213 · Cited by 12
“Lang TA, Altman DG. Basic statistical reporting for articles published in biomedical journals: the “Statistical Analyses and Methods in the Published Literature” or the SAMPL Guidelines.”
MethodRoutinely-Collected Outcomes of Proximal Row Carpectomy
Teunissen, J. S., Duraku, L. S., Feitz, R., Zuidam, J. M., Selles, R. W., Rooney, A., Hamlin, K. E., Khan, Y., Matharu, G. S., Haddon, A. E. F., et al. (2022) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.09.004 · Cited by 12
Stephenson, E., Yusuf, A., Gronsbell, J. L., Tu, K., Melamed, O. C., Mitiku, T., Selby, P. L., & O’Neill, B. G. (2022) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/07067437221140384 · Cited by 12
“The study is reported in accordance with The Reporting of Studies Conducted Using Observational Routinely Collected Health Data (RECORD) guidelines.(29) The completed RECORD checklist is included as Supplementary Information (see eMethods 1 and eTable 1 in Supplementary Materials).”
Methodvan Os, H. J. A., Kanning, J. P., Wermer, M. J. H., Chavannes, N. H., Numans, M. E., Ruigrok, Y. M., van Zwet, E. W., Putter, H., Steyerberg, E. W., & Groenwold, R. H. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Epidemiology · doi:10.3389/fepid.2022.871630 · Cited by 12
“, the RECORD statement for reporting on data preparation choices using routinely collected health data in EHR, and the TRIPOD statement for reporting on clinical prediction model development (34, 35).”
MethodOutcome After Protontherapy for Progression or Recurrence of Surgically Treated Meningioma
Champeaux-Depond, C., & Weller, J. (2021) · Brain Tumor Research and Treatment · doi:10.14791/btrt.2021.9.e9 · Cited by 11
“This study was conducted according to the RECORD guidelines for studies conducted using routinely-collected health data and, according to the SAMPL Guidelines [11,12].”
MethodBertin, C., Bezin, J., Chenaf, C., Delorme, J., Kerckhove, N., Pariente, A., Tournier, M., & Authier, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.893590 · Cited by 11
Reporting and Transparency in Big Data: The Nexus of Ethics and Methodology
Nicholls, S. G., Langan, S., & Benchimol, E. I. (2016) · Law, governance and technology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33525-4_15 · Cited by 12
Self-citationNational registry insights on genetic aortopathies and thoracic endovascular aortic interventions
Gómez-Mayorga, J. L., Yadavalli, S. D., Allievi, S., Wang, S. X., Rastogi, V., Straus, S. L., Mandigers, T. J., Black, J. H., Zettervall, S. L., & Schermerhorn, M. L. (2024) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2024.05.002 · Cited by 10
de Sijpe, P. V., Lucas, D., Canals, M. L., & Jensen, O. C. (2020) · International Maritime Health · doi:10.5603/imh.2020.0028 · Cited by 10
“Observational routinely collected health data from the Belgian Poison Centre were used and reported according to the RECORD Statement.”
MethodInfluentialChange in oral hygiene behaviour after non‐surgical periodontal therapy – A retrospective analyses
Elkerbout, T. A., Slot, D. E., Rijnen, M. E., & van der Weijden, G. A. (2022) · International Journal of Dental Hygiene · doi:10.1111/idh.12593 · Cited by 10
Massen, G. M., Stone, P., Kwok, H. H. Y., Jenkins, G. R., Allen, R. J., Wain, L. V., Stewart, I. D., & Quint, J. K. (2024) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2024-002640 · Cited by 9
“Transparency is key in studies, and it should be a requirement that studies detail what operational definitions and corresponding codes were used to define study variables.”
BackgroundKunze, K. N., Estrada, J. A., Apostolakos, J. M., Fu, M. C., Taylor, S. A., Gulotta, L. V., Dines, D. M., & Dines, J. S. (2022) · HSS Journal® The Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · doi:10.1177/15563316221104765 · Cited by 9
“This study was performed in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement and REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected Data (RECORD) guidelines [10,19].”
MethodLuong, K. P., Vissers, L. C. M., Nieuwenhuis, I. D., Hazenkamp, L. S., Hummelink, S., Slijper, H. P., & Ulrich, D. J. O. (2023) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000005260 · Cited by 9
Gabapentin for Pain in Pediatric Palliative Care
Drake, R., Prael, G., Phyo, Y., Chang, S., Hunt, J., Herbert, A., Mott, C. E., Hynson, J. L., Phillips, M. B., Cossich, M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.11.011 · Cited by 9
Radhakrishnan, D., Bota, S. E., Price, A. K., Ouédraogo, A. M., Husein, M., Clemens, K. K., & Shariff, S. Z. (2021) · CMAJ Open · doi:10.9778/cmajo.20200130 · Cited by 9
Use of inactive Cochrane reviews in academia: A citation analysis
Hoffmeyer, B., Fonnes, S., Andresen, K., & Rosenberg, J. (2023) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-023-04691-9 · Cited by 8
Tamoxifen. A treatment for meningioma?
Champeaux-Depond, C., & Weller, J. (2021) · Cancer Treatment and Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100343 · Cited by 9
Thibodeau, L., Rahme, E., Lachaud, J., Pelletier, É., Rochette, L., John, A. M., Reneflot, A., Lloyd, K. R., & LESAGE, A. D. (2018) · Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada · doi:10.24095/hpcdp.38.7/8.04 · Cited by 10
Five-year cause-specific survival after meningioma surgery. A nationwide population-based study
Champeaux-Depond, C., Weller, J., Constantinou, P., Tuppin, P., & Froelich, S. C. (2021) · Neurochirurgie · doi:10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.11.003 · Cited by 8
Champeaux-Depond, C., Jecko, V., Weller, J., Constantinou, P., Tuppin, P., & Métellus, P. (2023) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.015 · Cited by 8
Socias, M. E., Scheuermeyer, F. X., Cui, Z., Mok, W. Y., Crabtree, A., Fairbairn, N. S., Nolan, S., Slaunwhite, A., & Ti, L. (2023) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16273 · Cited by 8
Argandykov, D., Proaño-Zamudio, J. A., Lagazzi, E., Rafaqat, W., Abiad, M., Renne, A. M., Paranjape, C. N., Kaafarani, H. M. A., Velmahos, G. C., & Hwabejire, J. O. (2023) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2023.06.036 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Nicholls, S. G., Quach, P., von Elm, E., Guttmann, A., Moher, D., Petersen, I., Sørensen, H. T., Smeeth, L., Langan, S. M., & Benchimol, E. I.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University College London (GB)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Benchimol, Eric I.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-05-12
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e0125620
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4428635
- OpenAlex
- W1866803133
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 13.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Aarhus Universitet
- University of Ottawa
- Wellcome Trust (098504)
- Canadian Child Health Clinician Scientist Program
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR/CS/010/014, NF-SI-0510-10090)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (130512)
- Lundbeckfonden (R155-2014-2647)
- Novo Nordisk
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF14SA0015794)
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (130512)
- Medical Research Council (MR/K006584/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Keywords
- routinely collected health data, reporting guidelines, stakeholder consensus, Delphi method, observational studies, data characteristics, STROBE
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Database Management Systems, Female, Humans, Male, Medical Records, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Guidelines as Topic, Consensus, Observational Studies as Topic
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