Child maltreatment and mental health problems in adulthood: birth cohort study
Open accessAbstract
Background: Retrospective studies have shown a high association between child abuse and subsequent psychiatric morbidity. Prospective studies are rarer. Aims: To examine, using a prospective record-linkage analysis, whether substantiated child maltreatment is associated with adverse psychological outcomes in early adulthood. Method: The participants were 3778 mother and child pairs enrolled in a population-based birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia. Exposure to suspected child maltreatment was measured by linkage with state child protection agency data. The primary outcomes were the internalising and externalising scales of the Youth Self-Report and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scales (CES-D) at approximately 21 years of age. A subset completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Auto version (CIDI-Auto). Results: In total, 171 (4.5%) participants had a history of substantiated child maltreatment, most commonly emotional abuse (n= 91), followed by physical abuse (n= 78), neglect (n= 73) and sexual abuse (n= 54). After adjustment for potential confounders, depressive symptoms on the CES-D, as well as internalising and externalising behaviours were strongly associated with substantiated abuse in all forms, except sexual abuse. The results for the subset of the sample who completed the CIDI-Auto were less clear. Anxiety, especially post-traumatic stress disorder, showed the strongest association whereas the findings for depressive disorder were equivocal. However, across all diagnostic categories, emotional abuse and neglect, as well as multiple forms of abuse, showed a consistent association. Conclusions: Child maltreatment, particularly neglect and emotional abuse, has serious adverse effects on early adult mental health. These two warrant the attention given to other forms of child maltreatment. Children experiencing more than one type of maltreatment are at particular risk. Declaration of interest: None.
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A large prospective study of Kisely et al. found concurrent emotional abuse and neglect to be the strongest predictors for later anxiety and depressive disorders in adulthood (ORs 2.3 and 2.8, respectively).
“A large prospective study of Kisely et al. [16] found concurrent emotional abuse and neglect to be the strongest predictors for later anxiety and depressive disorders in adulthood (ORs 2.3 and 2.8, respectively).”
From Associations of childhood trauma with long-term diseases and alcohol and nicotine use disorders in Czech and Slovak representative samples (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
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Emotional abuse and neglect in a clinical setting: challenges for mental health professionals
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- Authors
- Kisely, S., Abajobir, A. A., Mills, R., Strathearn, L., Clavarino, A., & Najman, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kisely, Steve
- ORCID
- Venue
- The British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2018-09-28
- Volume
- 213
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 698-703
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2893472214
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 12
- FWCI
- 17.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Military, Security, and Education Studies
- Keywords
- child abuse, emotional abuse, child neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, depressive symptoms, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, post-traumatic stress disorder, birth cohort
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Australia, Child Abuse, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Logistic Models, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Young Adult, Self Report
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