Alcohol-Related Risk of Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempt, and Completed Suicide: A Meta-Analysis
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BACKGROUND: Several original studies have investigated the effect of alcohol use disorder (AUD) on suicidal thought and behavior, but there are serious discrepancies across the studies. Thus, a systematic assessment of the association between AUD and suicide is required. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until February 2015. We also searched the Psycinfo web site and journals and contacted authors. We included observational (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional) studies addressing the association between AUD and suicide. The exposure of interest was AUD. The primary outcomes were suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide. We assessed heterogeneity using Q-test and I2 statistic. We explored publication bias using the Egger's and Begg's tests and funnel plot. We meta-analyzed the data with the random-effects models. For each outcome we calculated the overall odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: We included 31 out of 8548 retrieved studies, with 420,732 participants. There was a significant association between AUD and suicidal ideation (OR=1.86; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.35), suicide attempt (OR=3.13; 95% CI: 2.45, 3.81); and completed suicide (OR=2.59; 95% CI: 1.95, 3.23 and RR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.21). There was a significant heterogeneity among the studies, but little concern to the presence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: There is sufficient evidence that AUD significantly increases the risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide. Therefore, AUD can be considered an important predictor of suicide and a great source of premature death.
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The impact of alcohol use on suicide may be different from other types of injury, as it seems to be determined more by long-term drinking patterns, such as heavy drinking or alcohol use disorders.
“The impact of alcohol use on suicide may be different from other types of injury, as it seems to be determined more by long‐term drinking patterns, such as heavy drinking or alcohol use disorders (e.g. 317, 318, even though there are also acute effects of alcohol use, e.g. on judgement 319, 320.”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [317]
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- Authors
- Darvishi, N., Farhadi, M., Haghtalab, T., & Poorolajal, J.
- Affiliations
- Islamic Azad University of Hamedan (IR)
- Bu-Ali Sina University (IR)
- Hamedan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Poorolajal, Jalal
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-05-20
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e0126870
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4439031
- OpenAlex
- W238568782
- Cited by
- 464
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Islamic Azad University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- alcoholism, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, suicide mortality, suicide risk, alcohol and suicide
- MeSH terms
- Ethanol, Female, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Suicide, Attempted, Publication Bias, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Suicidal Ideation
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