The DOI matches its Crossref record; 100 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Epidemiology of Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: A Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to review the literature regarding epidemiology of functional abdominal pain disorders in children and to assess its geographic, gender and age distribution including associated risk factors of developing functional abdominal pain. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsychInfo databases were systematically searched up to February 2014. Study selection criteria included: (1) studies of birth cohort, school based or general population samples (2) containing data concerning epidemiology, prevalence or incidence (3) of children aged 4-18 years (4) suffering from functional abdominal pain. Quality of studies was rated by a self-made assessment tool. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate the prevalence of functional abdominal pain in childhood. RESULTS: A total of 58 articles, including 196,472 children were included. Worldwide pooled prevalence for functional abdominal pain disorders was 13.5% (95% CI 11.8-15.3), of which irritable bowel syndrome was reported most frequently (8.8%, 95% CI 6.2-11.9). The prevalence across studies ranged widely from 1.6% to 41.2%. Higher pooled prevalence rates were reported in South America (16.8%) and Asia (16.5%) compared to Europe (10.5%). And a higher pooled prevalence was reported when using the Rome III criteria (16.4%, 95% CI 13.5-19.4). Functional abdominal pain disorders are shown to occur significantly more in girls (15.9% vs. 11.5%, pooled OR 1.5) and is associated with the presence of anxiety and depressive disorders, stress and traumatic life events. CONCLUSION: Functional abdominal pain disorders are a common problem worldwide with irritable bowel syndrome as most encountered abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorder. Female gender, psychological disorders, stress and traumatic life events affect prevalence.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Prevalence rates vary considerably due to differences in case definitions, assessment instruments and study populations.1–3”
From Comparing group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with enhanced usual care for adolescents with functional somatic syndromes: A study protocol for a randomised trial (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Drossman, D. A., Li, Z., Andruzzi, E., Temple, R. D., Talley, N. J., Grant Thompson, W., Whitehead, W. E., Janssens, J., Funch-Jensen, P., Corazziari, E., et al. (1993) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01303162 · Cited by 2,198 · cited 1×
“[5] Children with AP-FGIDs report significantly lower quality of life (QoL) scores compared to healthy peers and AP-FGIDs are ranked as second in causing school absence[6,7] In 29.”
BackgroundChildhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Child/Adolescent
Rasquin, A., Lorenzo, C. D., Forbes, D., Guiraldes, E., Hyams, J. S., Staiano, A., & Walker, L. S. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.063 · Cited by 1,785
Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields
Kmet, L. M., Cook, L. S., & Lee, R. C. (2004) · University of Alberta Library · doi:10.7939/r37m04f16 · Cited by 1,682
Sanderson, S., Tatt, I. D., & Higgins, J. P. (2007) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dym018 · Cited by 1,531
Pain in children and adolescents: a common experience
Perquin, C. W., Hazebroek-Kampschreur, A. A. J. M., Hunfeld, J. A. M., Bohnen, A. M., van Suijlekom-Smit, L. W. A., Passchier, J., & van der Wouden, J. C. (2000) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00269-4 · Cited by 1,114
Drozdzowska, B., Pluskiewicz, W., Halaba, Z. P., Misiołek, H., & Beck, B. R. (2005) · Cited by 984
Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: A systematic review
Mugie, S. M., Benninga, M. A., & Lorenzo, C. D. (2011) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2010.12.010 · Cited by 945
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- FG Demirceken, 2010, Functional dyspepsia in children: A Turkish prospective survey in kirikkale province, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, E122
- Y Wang, 2008, The prevalence investigation of IBS in Qinhuandao area, Shandong Med, 48, 107
- H-Q Zhou, 2009, Epidemiologic study of irritable bowel syndrome among adolescents in Western China, Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science). China, 29, 581
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–481 of 481
Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Children
Kadim, M. (2021) · The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy · doi:10.24871/221202160-65
Allagadda, D. K., Appana, H., Pedada, R., Gurram, D., & Joseph, D. (2021) · Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare · doi:10.18410/jebmh/2021/480
Effects of a thermal reservoir on variational functions in open systems (18 pages)
Stenholm, S., & Jakob, M. (2004) · Physical Review A
E210 施設抑制ミニトマト栽培における総合的害虫管理とその経営的評価(防除法 害虫管理 IPM)
杉山, 恵., 片山, 晴., & 西東, 力. (2004) · 日本応用動物昆虫学会大会講演要旨
Mind-Body Medicine in Children and Adolescents
McClafferty, H. H. (2017) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03842-529-8
Functional abdominal pain disorders – how not to excess with diagnosis?
Palčevski, G., & Dekanić, K. B. (2022) · Liječnički vjesnik · doi:10.26800/lv-144-supl1-11
Schurman, J. V., Deacy, A. D., & Friesen, C. A. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198818762.003.0030
El-Radhi, A. S. (2021) · In clinical practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41750-5_6
Javare, A. (2020) · International Journal of Nursing Education · doi:10.37506/ijone.v12i2.3920
Sex/Gender Differences in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Diseases
Yang, H. R. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-0120-1_27
Funktionelle Bauchschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Wegner, M. (2022) · AkupunkturPraxis · doi:10.1055/a-1854-6874
Machado, N. C., Carvalho, M. D. A., de Jesus, C. D. F., Penatti, D. A., & Dias, J. T. (2022) · Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care · doi:10.15406/jpnc.2022.12.00474
Complementary and Alternative Treatments for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Vlieger, A. M., de Lorijn, F., de Leeuw, A., & Benninga, M. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15229-0_48
Self-citationHypnotherapy in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Vlieger, A. M., & Benninga, M. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15229-0_46
Self-citationОverlap-syndrome in pediatric practice
Chernenkov, Y. V., Глушаков, И. А., Glushakova, V. D., & Gumeniuk, O. I. (2023) · Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология · doi:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-209-1-142-148
Pediatric and adolescent GI motility disorders and management
Lu, P. L., Bali, N., & Lorenzo, C. D. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13911-6.00030-x
Uygun, H., Yavuz, S., Şahin, T., Erdem, N., & Turğut, M. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1774781
Ebrahimi, A., Forghani, M., Bababkhanian, M., Ebrahimi, M., & Adibi, P. (2023) · Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench. · doi:10.22037/ghfbb.v16i2.2440
Rahmani, K., Jari, M., Shiari, R., Yeganeh, M. H., & Parvaneh, V. J. (2023) · Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases · doi:10.5812/apid-139427
Becoming a Feeling and Body Investigator – Pain Division
Zucker, N. L., Loeb, K. L., & Gagliano, M. E. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009072595.001
Mitra, M. (2023) · Advanced Research in Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.19080/argh.2023.20.556031
Mossey, J. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197649176.003.0004
Sex/Gender Differences in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Diseases
Yang, H. R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0130-8_17
Butt, M. F., Benninga, M. A., & Corsetti, M. (2024) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14922
Self-citationEl-Radhi, A. S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28896-8_6
Does previous tuberculosis increase the risk of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children?
Uygun, H., Yavuz, S., Erdem, N., Oktay, S. B., Özen, S., & Turğut, M. (2024) · Trends in Pediatrics · doi:10.59213/tp.2024.181
Modern Experience in Pharmacotherapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children
Хавкин, А. И., Михайлович, Н. К., Veremenko, A. S., Дмитриевна, Л. И., Platonova, P. Y., Novikova, M. F., Tumas, A. S., Евгеньевна, В. Е., Lukichev, D. A., Sergeev, D. A., et al. (2025) · Педиатрическая фармакология · doi:10.15690/pf.v21i6.2841
Rodrigo, M., Chumpitazi, B. P., Chiappini, E. A., Brown, M. L., Velez, S. W., & Kutty, S. (2025) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/00099228251316367
Sharma, D., Rodriguez, G. M. V., Lai, C. W., Asif, B., Talvacchio, S. K., Yang, A. H., Vittal, A., Derkyi, A., Koh, C., Wright, E. C., et al. (2025) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2025.117589
Puri, N. B., & Lu, P. L. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-11760-2.00028-8
Chronic Abdominal Pain of Childhood and Adolescence
Lu, P. L., & Saps, M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-11760-2.00006-9
Approach to the Child With a Disorder of Gut-Brain Interaction
Jerson, B., & Baker, C. C. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-11760-2.00007-0
Prevalence and distribution of pain in children
Stevens, B., & Zempsky, W. T. (2021) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198818762.003.0002_update_001
Clasificación y subtipos del síndrome de intestino irritable
Gómez-Castaños, P. C. (2025) · Clínicas de gastroenterología de México · doi:10.24875/cgm.m25000007
McKay, S., Fortunato, J. E., Karuri, S. W., & Essner, B. S. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpn3.70185
Pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Current Understanding and Future Directions
Hawa, K., Zaydan, K., & Andrewski, E. (2025) · Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s40746-025-00339-3 · Cited by 1
Abdominal pain in children: guidelines at last
Saps, M., & Arrizabalo, S. (2025) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1080/17474124.2025.2550521
Lach, J., Colombo, J. M., Schurman, J. V., & Friesen, C. A. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpn3.70205
Evaluation of a pediatric post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 index score
Dun-Dery, F., Xie, J., Winston, K., Burstein, B., Sabhaney, V. J., Emsley, J. G., Gravel, J., Kam, A. J., Beer, D. L., Zemek, R. L., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2025.1628826
Schurman, J. V., Deacy, A. D., & Friesen, C. A. (2021) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198818762.003.0030_update_001
Dam, L. A. P., Lou, S., Nielsen, E. S., Kallesøe, K. H., Singh, H. S., Bonnert, M., Lalouni, M., & Rask, C. U. (2025) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053251376193
Davis, E., Thompson, J. F., & Borlack, R. E. (2025) · American Academy of PediatricsItasca, IL eBooks · doi:10.1542/9781610028219-2
Prevalence of Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders in Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate
dos Santos, E. A. M. C., Ambrósio, E. C. P., & de Oliveira, T. M. (2025) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1177/10556656251386561
Functional abdominal pain disorders in children: a narrative review
Harne, V., Alvarez, A. B. F., & Navarro, V. F. (2025) · Minerva Pediatrics · doi:10.23736/s2724-5276.25.07810-3
Bodily Distress Disorder and Dissociative Disorders
Rask, C. U., & Kallesøe, K. H. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009110266.018
Sjölund, J., Kull, I., Bergström, A., Järås, J., Ludvigsson, J. F., Törnblom, H., Simrén, M., & Olén, O. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16625263
Huang, X., Jia, N., Zhang, Y., Hao, Y., Xiao, F., Sun, C., 崔小岱, & Wang, F. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25139657
Levy, R. L., Murphy, T., van Tilburg, M. A. L., Kuklinski, M. R., Bailey, J. A., Aalfs, H., Badillo, I., Diakhate, H., & Palermo, T. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26785967
Sjölund, J., Kull, I., Bergström, A., Järås, J., Ludvigsson, J. F., Törnblom, H., Simrén, M., & Olén, O. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16625257
Huang, X., Jia, N., Zhang, Y., Hao, Y., Xiao, F., Sun, C., 崔小岱, & Wang, F. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26676707
Huang, X., Jia, N., Zhang, Y., Hao, Y., Xiao, F., Sun, C., 崔小岱, & Wang, F. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26676704
Huang, X., Jia, N., Zhang, Y., Hao, Y., Xiao, F., Sun, C., 崔小岱, & Wang, F. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25139595
Sjölund, J., Kull, I., Bergström, A., Järås, J., Ludvigsson, J. F., Törnblom, H., Simrén, M., & Olén, O. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16625254
Shi, J., Wang, X., Zhao, N., Kang, C., Yang, L., Zheng, Y., Liu, J., Feng, L., Zhu, X., Ma, C., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26570602
Stróżyk, A., Horvath, A., Muir, J. G., & Szajewska, H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13514704
Sjölund, J., Kull, I., Bergström, A., Järås, J., Ludvigsson, J. F., Törnblom, H., Simrén, M., & Olén, O. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16625260
Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Weber, S., Geser, A., Unternaehrer, E., Bolten, M. I., & Légeret, C. (2026) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.70521
Neß, V., Humberg, C., Rau, L., Eidt, L., Berger, T., Claßen, M., Syring, N. C., Berrang, J., Vietor, C., Buderus, S., et al. (2026) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70249
Psychological Traits and Social Factors Associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children
Pop, D., Aka, I. M. L., Pop, R. S., Bota, V., & Farcău, D. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13040521
Impact of Early‐Onset IBS on Schooling, Illness in Adulthood, and Career Prospects
Wuestenberghs, F., Jouët, P., Piche, T., Mion, F., Raynaud, J.-J., Melchior, C., Zerbib, F., Macaigne, G., Iglicki, F., Facon, S., et al. (2026) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.70308
Felten, C. V., Warr, C., Tinetti, A., Murphy, S., Hug, L., Ayonrinde, O. T., Beales, D. J., & Waller, R. (2026) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/ajo.70137
Pediatric extended-release oral formulations: A U.S. market landscape analysis
Ong, H. J., Kiang, Y.-H., Bejgum, B. C., Khorsand, B., & Alvarez‐Núñez, F. (2026) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2026.104319
Bloem, M. N., Baaleman, D. F., Koppen, I. J. N., Bijlsma, M. W., Vlieger, A. M., Goede, J., Plötz, F. B., Teklenburg-Roord, S. T. A., de Lorijn, F., & Benninga, M. A. (2026) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-026-07058-3
Self-citationYeh, H., Chumpitazi, B. P., van Tilburg, M. A. L., Shulman, R. J., Schurman, J. V., Margolis, K. G., & Friesen, C. A. (2026) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.70349
Major, J., Vargay, A., & Ádám, S. (2026) · International Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1155/ijpe/9964179
de Bruijn, C. M. A., Oorthuys, A. O. J., Zeevenhooven, J., Davids, M., Levels, J. H. M., Vlieger, A. M., Herrema, H., Nieuwdorp, M., & Benninga, M. A. (2026) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpn3.70459
Self-citationWang, F., Zhu, Z., Hu, C., & Liu, Q. (2026) · World Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1136/wjps-2025-001152
Mrittika, A., Ireland, C., Petty, C. R., Enlow, M. B., & Nelson, S. (2026) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101297
Probiotics in pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Balasan, N., Kharrat, F., Lega, S., Leo, G. D., D’Adamo, P., Comar, M., Barbi, E., & Zupin, L. (2026) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-026-07161-5
Grishkevich, N., Evert, L., & Kostyuchenko, Y. R. (2026) · Vrach · doi:10.29296/25877305-2026-07-14
Hagenstein, L. D., & Karrento, K. (2026) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2026-077344
Souza, P. H. S. D. O., Coêlho, J. R. C., de Andrade, A. M., Marques, K. S., Valenti, V. E., Menezes, F. D. S., & Sandy, N. S. (2026) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.70135
Szyller, H. P., Lasocka, M., Augustynowicz, G., Braksator, J., & Pytrus, T. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18172768
Rodríguez-Brown, F., Valencia, J. G., & Hernández‐Vásquez, A. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18172795
Ilić, D., Jovanović, N., & Bjelakovic, B. B. (2026) · Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology & Nutrition · doi:10.5223/pghn.2026.29.5.413
Puoti, M. G., Oorthuys, A. O. J., Vermeijden, N. K., Benninga, M. A., & Borrelli, O. (2026) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-026-02376-0
Self-citationIragamreddy, V. R. (2026) · International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics · doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20263331
Quatrale, G., Bianchi, M., Colecchia, L., Giorgio, V., Mennini, M., Sergio, S., Graziani, M., Gallo, G., Furio, S., Tiberia, L., et al. (2026) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpn3.70565
Chapman, K., & Ballal, S. A. (2026) · Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health · doi:10.1177/27536130261490586
Goryunov, А. V., Pavliv, N. I., Shushpanova, O. V., Блинова, Т. Е., & Голубева, Н. И. (2026) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202612609251
Wu, W., Ye, Q., Lin, X., Li, S., Wang, S., & 刘晓燕 (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1904174
Metadata
- Authors
- Korterink, J. J., Diederen, K., Benninga, M. A., & Tabbers, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Korterink, Judith J.
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-05-20
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e0126982
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4439136
- OpenAlex
- W324818206
- Cited by
- 481
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 6.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Health and Development
- Keywords
- functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, prevalence, incidence, sex differences, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, stress, traumatic life events, Rome III criteria, functional gastrointestinal disorders, regional variation
- MeSH terms
- Child, Geography, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Abdominal Pain, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

