Treatment contact coverage for probable depressive and probable alcohol use disorders in four low- and middle-income country districts: the PRIME cross-sectional community surveys
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CONTEXT: A robust evidence base is now emerging that indicates that treatment for depression and alcohol use disorders (AUD) delivered in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) can be effective. However, the coverage of services for these conditions in most LMIC settings remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe the methods of a repeat cross-sectional survey to determine changes in treatment contact coverage for probable depression and for probable AUD in four LMIC districts, and to present the baseline findings regarding treatment contact coverage. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional surveys with structured questionnaires, which included validated screening tools to identify probable cases. We defined contact coverage as being the proportion of cases who sought professional help in the past 12 months. SETTING: Sodo District, Ethiopia; Sehore District, India; Chitwan District, Nepal; and Kamuli District, Uganda. PARTICIPANTS: 8036 adults residing in these districts between May 2013 and May 2014. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Treatment contact coverage was defined as having sought care from a specialist, generalist, or other health care provider for symptoms related to depression or AUD. RESULTS: The proportion of adults who screened positive for depression over the past 12 months ranged from 11.2% in Nepal to 29.7% in India and treatment contact coverage over the past 12 months ranged between 8.1% in Nepal to 23.5% in India. In Ethiopia, lifetime contact coverage for probable depression was 23.7%. The proportion of adults who screened positive for AUD over the past 12 months ranged from 1.7% in Uganda to 13.9% in Ethiopia and treatment contact coverage over the past 12 months ranged from 2.8% in India to 5.1% in Nepal. In Ethiopia, lifetime contact coverage for probable AUD was 13.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with and contribute to the limited evidence base which indicates low treatment contact coverage for depression and for AUD in LMIC. The planned follow up surveys will be used to estimate the change in contact coverage coinciding with the implementation of district-level mental health care plans.
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AUD is often not detected by health care providers in sub-Saharan Africa, contributing to a wide treatment gap.
“Despite this, AUD is often not detected in health care settings, which contributes to a wide treatment gap.”
From Integration of Alcohol Use Disorder Interventions in General Health Care Settings in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
The AUD treatment gap is particularly marked in low-income and lower-middle-income countries.
“This gap is particularly marked in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (9, 11, 12).”
From Integration of Alcohol Use Disorder Interventions in General Health Care Settings in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Rathod, S. D., De Silva, M. J., Ssebunnya, J., Breuer, E., Murhar, V., Luitel, N. P., Medhin, G., Kigozi, F., Shidhaye, R., Fekadu, A., Jordans, M., Patel, V., Tomlinson, M., & Lund, C.
- Affiliations
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Butabika Hospital (UG)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Sangath (IN)
- Addis Ababa University (ET)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rathod, Sujit D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2016-09-15
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e0162038
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5025033
- OpenAlex
- W2521034821
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 11.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Department for International Development (201446)
- National Research Foundation (ECR151130156234)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- depression, alcoholism, mental health service utilization, low- and middle-income countries, help-seeking, mental health service planning, PRIME study, Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Uganda
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Ethiopia, Female, Humans, India, Male, Middle Aged, Nepal, Surveys and Questionnaires, South Africa, Uganda, Alcohol-Related Disorders
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