Removal of the blue component of light significantly decreases retinal damage after high intensity exposure.
Open accessAbstract
Light causes damage to the retina (phototoxicity) and decreases photoreceptor responses to light. The most harmful component of visible light is the blue wavelength (400-500 nm). Different filters have been tested, but so far all of them allow passing a lot of this wavelength (70%). The aim of this work has been to prove that a filter that removes 94% of the blue component may protect the function and morphology of the retina significantly. Three experimental groups were designed. The first group was unexposed to light, the second one was exposed and the third one was exposed and protected by a blue-blocking filter. Light damage was induced in young albino mice (p30) by exposing them to white light of high intensity (5,000 lux) continuously for 7 days. Short wavelength light filters were used for light protection. The blue component was removed (94%) from the light source by our filter. Electroretinographical recordings were performed before and after light damage. Changes in retinal structure were studied using immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL labeling. Also, cells in the outer nuclear layer were counted and compared among the three different groups. Functional visual responses were significantly more conserved in protected animals (with the blue-blocking filter) than in unprotected animals. Also, retinal structure was better kept and photoreceptor survival was greater in protected animals, these differences were significant in central areas of the retina. Still, functional and morphological responses were significantly lower in protected than in unexposed groups. In conclusion, this blue-blocking filter decreases significantly photoreceptor damage after exposure to high intensity light. Actually, our eyes are exposed for a very long time to high levels of blue light (screens, artificial light LED, neons…). The potential damage caused by blue light can be palliated.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Blue light exposure in the evening can delay biological rhythms, thereby negatively affecting mood and sleep quality.
“In contrast, blue light exposure in the evening can delay biological rhythms, thereby negatively affecting mood and sleep quality.[48]”
From Effectiveness of visible light for seasonal affective disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
The Introduction and Discussion address blue-light-related retinal damage, including exposure from screens and night shifts, but do not address delayed biological rhythms, mood, or sleep quality. Searches for evening blue light and for circadian rhythm, melatonin, mood, and sleep found no passage supporting the cited claim. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExposure to blue light in the morning can improve the RAR and enhance sleep quality.
“Exposure to blue light in the morning can improve the RAR and enhance sleep quality.”
From Effectiveness of visible light for seasonal affective disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
The Results and Discussion address retinal damage and photoreceptor responses after high-intensity light exposure, not rest–activity rhythms (RAR) or sleep quality. Searches for morning blue-light exposure, RAR, sleep, and circadian effects found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Major Cell Populations of the Mouse Retina
Jeon, C.-J., Strettoi, E., & Masland, R. H. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-21-08936.1998 · Cited by 1,429 · see citing works
ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2015 update)
McCulloch, D. L., Marmor, M. F., Brigell, M., Hamilton, R., Holder, G. E., Tzekov, R. T., & Bach, M. (2014) · Documenta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1007/s10633-014-9473-7 · Cited by 1,316 · see citing works
Retinal damage by light in rats.
Noell, W. K., Walker, V. S., Kang, B. S., & Berman, S. (1966) · PubMed · Cited by 1,107 · see citing works
ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2008 update)
Marmor, M. F., Fulton, A. B., Holder, G. E., Miyake, Y., Brigell, M., & Bach, M. (2008) · Documenta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1007/s10633-008-9155-4 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
Melanopsin is required for non-image-forming photic responses in blind mice
Panda, S., Provencio, I., Tu, D. C., Pires, S. S., Rollag, M. D., Castrucci, A. M., Pletcher, M. T., Sato, T. K., Wiltshire, T., Andahazy, M., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1086179 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Rods and cones in the mouse retina. I. Structural analysis using light and electron microscopy
Carter‐Dawson, L. D., & LaVail, M. M. (1979) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901880204 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Wenzel, A., Grimm, C., Samardzija, M., & Remé, C. E. (2004) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2004.08.002 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Terakita, A. (2005) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-3-213 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Applebury, M. L., Antoch, M. P., Baxter, L. C., Chun, L. L. Y., Falk, J. D., Farhangfar, F., Kage, K., Krzystolik, M. G., Lyass, L., & Robbins, J. T. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00062-3 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Retinal light damage: Mechanisms and protection
Organisciak, D. T., & Merriman, D. K. (2009) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.11.004 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Oscillatory potentials in the retina: what do they reveal
Wachtmeister, L. (1998) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s1350-9462(98)00006-8 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Regulation of the Mammalian Pineal by Non-rod, Non-cone, Ocular Photoreceptors
Lucas, R. J., Freedman, M. S., Muñoz, M., García-Fernández, J. M., & Foster, F. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5413.505 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Evolution of opsins and phototransduction
Shichida, Y., & Matsuyama, T. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0051 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Activation of rhodopsin: new insights from structural and biochemical studies
Okada, T., Ernst, O. P., Palczewski, K., & Hofmann, K. P. (2001) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(01)01799-6 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Photochemical Damage of the Retina
Wu, J., Seregard, S., & Algvere, P. V. (2006) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2006.06.009 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Boulton, M. E., Rôżanowska, M., & Różanowski, B. (2001) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00227-5 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Youssef, P. N., Sheibani, N., & Albert, D. M. (2010) · Eye · doi:10.1038/eye.2010.149 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Unique topographic separation of two spectral classes of cones in the mouse retina
Szél, Á., Röhlich, P., Gaffé, A. R., Juliusson, B., Aguirre, G. K., & Veen, T. V. (1992) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903250302 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
SENSITIVITY OF THE RETINA TO RADIATION DAMAGE AS A FUNCTION OF WAVELENGTH*
Ham, W. T., Mueller, H. A., Ruffolo, J. J., & Clarke, A. (1979) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1979.tb07759.x · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Marc, R. E., Jones, B. W., Watt, C. B., Vázquez-Chona, F., Vaughan, D. K., & Organisciak, D. T. (2008) · PubMed Central · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Involvement of All-trans-retinal in Acute Light-induced Retinopathy of Mice
Maeda, A., Maeda, T., Golczak, M., Chou, S., Desai, A., Hoppel, C. L., Matsuyama, S., & Palczewski, K. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m900322200 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Rhodopsin-mediated blue-light damage to the rat retina: effect of photoreversal of bleaching.
Grimm, C., Wenzel, A., Williams, T. P., Rol, P. O., Hafezi, F., & Remé, C. E. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 232 · see citing works
UV-Sensitive Photoreceptor Protein OPN5 in Humans and Mice
Kojima, D., Mori, S., Torii, M., Wada, A., Morishita, R., & Fukada, Y. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026388 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Phospholipid meets all-trans-retinal: the making of RPE bisretinoids
Sparrow, J. R., Wu, Y., Kim, C. Y., & Zhou, J. (2010) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r000687 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Light‐induced Damage to the Retina: Role of Rhodopsin Chromophore Revisited
Różanowska, M., & Sarna, T. (2005) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1562/2004-11-13-ir-371 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Roberts, J. E. (2001) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00196-8 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Blue light-absorbing intraocular lens and retinal pigment epithelium protection in vitro
Sparrow, J. R., Miller, A. S., & Zhou, J. (2004) · Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2004.01.031 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
c-fosControls the “Private Pathway” of Light-Induced Apoptosis of Retinal Photoreceptors
Wenzel, A., Grimm, C., Marti, A., Kueng-Hitz, N., Hafezi, F., Niemeyer, G., & Remé, C. E. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-01-00081.2000 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Ortín-Martínez, A., Nadal-Nicolás, F., Jiménez-López, M., Alburquerque-Bejar, J., Nieto-López, L., García-Ayuso, D., Villegas-Pérez, M., Vidal-Sanz, M., & Agudo-Barriuso, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102392 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationUltraviolet and green light cause different types of damage in rat retina.
Gorgels, T. G. M. F., & Norren, D. V. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Ueki, Y., Wang, J., Chollangi, S., & Ash, J. D. (2007) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05180.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Ligand Channeling within a G-protein-coupled Receptor
Schädel, S. A., Heck, M., Maretzki, D., Filipek, S., Teller, D. C., Palczewski, K., & Hofmann, K. P. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m302115200 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Sun, H., & Nathans, J. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m010152200 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Retinal Photodamage Mediated by All‐<i>trans</i>‐retinal<sup>†</sup>
Maeda, T., Golczak, M., & Maeda, A. (2012) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01143.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Blue light's effects on rhodopsin: photoreversal of bleaching in living rat eyes.
Grimm, C., Remé, C. E., Rol, P. O., & Williams, T. P. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Blue light induced apoptosis in rat retina
Wu, J., Seregard, S., Spångberg, B., Oskarsson, M., & Chen, E. (1999) · Eye · doi:10.1038/eye.1999.142 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Li, F., Cao, W., & Anderson, R. E. (2003) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0140 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Long-term effects of light damage on the retina of albino and pigmented rats.
Wasowicz, M. Y., Morice, C., Ferrari, P., Callebert, J., & Versaux‐Botteri, C. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Intrinsic physiological properties of the five types of mouse ganglion-cell photoreceptors
Hu, C., Hill, D. D., & Wong, K. Y. (2013) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00579.2012 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The rat retina has five types of ganglion-cell photoreceptors
Reifler, A. N., Chervenak, A. P., Dolikian, M. E., Benenati, B. A., Meyers, B. S., Demertzis, Z. D., Lynch, A. M., Li, B. Y., Wachter, R. D., Abufarha, F. S., et al. (2014) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2014.11.010 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Protective effects of soft acrylic yellow filter against blue light-induced retinal damage in rats
Tanito, M., Kaidzu, S., & Anderson, R. E. (2006) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2006.08.006 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Tanito, M., Kaidzu, S., & Anderson, R. E. (2007) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.06-1065 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Mandal, M. N. A., Moiseyev, G. P., Elliott, M. H., Kasus-Jacobi, A., Li, X., Chen, H., Zheng, L., Nikolaeva, O., Floyd, R. A., Ma, J.-X., et al. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.255877 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Yanagi, Y., Inoue, Y., Iriyama, A., & Jang, W. (2006) · Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.04.012 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Selective photoreceptor damage in albino rats using continuous blue light
Seiler, M. J., Liu, O. L., Cooper, N. G. F., Callahan, T. L., Petry, H. M., & Aramant, R. B. (2000) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s004170000143 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
A model of spectral filtering to reduce photochemical damage in age-related macular degeneration.
Meyers, S. M., Оstrovsky, М. А., & Bonner, R. F. (2004) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Retinal compensatory changes after light damage in albino mice.
Montalbán-Soler, L., Alarcón-Martínez, L., Jiménez-López, M., Salinas‐Navarro, M., Galindo‐Romero, C., de Sá, F. B., García‐Ayuso, D., Avilés‐Trigueros, M., Vidal‐Sanz, M., Agudo‐Barriuso, M., et al. (2012) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationRetinal damage by light: Possible implication of singlet oxygen
Delmelle, M. (1977) · European Biophysics Journal · doi:10.1007/bf00535819 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Blue light stress in retinal neuronal (R28) cells is dependent on wavelength range and irradiance
Knels, L., Valtink, M., Roehlecke, C., Lupp, A., de la Vega, J., Mehner, M., & Funk, R. H. W. (2011) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07790.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Biological effects of blocking blue and other visible light on the mouse retina
Narimatsu, T., Ozawa, Y., Miyake, S., Kubota, S., Yuki, K., Nagai, N., & Tsubota, K. (2013) · Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1111/ceo.12253 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Progression and reversibility of early light-induced alterations in rat retinal rods
Moriya, M., Baker, B. N., & Williams, T. P. (1986) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00215203 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Photochemistry of the Primary Event in Short-Wavelength Visual Opsins at Low Temperature
Vought, B. W., Dukkipati, A., Max, M., Knox, B. E., & Birge, R. R. (1999) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi990968b · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Richards, A., Emondi, A. A., & Rohrer, B. (2006) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523806231080 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Retinal phototoxicity in a novel murine model of intraocular lens implantation.
Kurihara, T., Omoto, M., Noda, K., Ebinuma, M., Kubota, S., Koizumi, H., Yoshida, S., Ozawa, Y., Shimmura, S., Ishida, S., et al. (2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Marchena, M., Lara, J. M., Aijón, J., Germaín, F., de la Villa, P., & Velasco, A. (2011) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2011.07.010 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationThe 11-cis Retinal Origins of Lipofuscin in the Retina
Adler, L., Boyer, N. P., Chen, C., Ablonczy, Z., Crouch, R. K., & Koutalos, Y. (2015) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.022 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The yellow intraocular lens and the natural ageing lens
Yang, H. S., & Afshari, N. A. (2013) · Current Opinion in Ophthalmology · doi:10.1097/icu.0000000000000020 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Edward, D. P., Lim, K. K., Sawaguchi, S., & Tso, M. O. M. (1993) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/bf00919107 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Ray, T. R., Choi, J., Bandodkar, A. J., Krishnan, S., Gutruf, P., Tian, L., Ghaffari, R., & Rogers, J. A. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573 · Cited by 1,350 · see citing works
The role of the light source in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
Piksa, M., Lian, C., Samuel, I. C., Pawlik, K., Samuel, I. D. W., & Matczyszyn, K. (2023) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d0cs01051k · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Mechanisms of blue light-induced eye hazard and protective measures: a review
Ouyang, X., Yang, J., Hong, Z., Wu, Y., Xie, Y., & Wang, G. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110577 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Wang, L., Yu, X., Zhang, D., Wen, Y., Zhang, L., Xia, Y., Chen, J., Xie, C., Zhu, H., Tong, J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112654 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Coordinated Intervention of Microglial and Müller Cells in Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration
Pierdomenico, J. D., Martínez-Vacas, A., Hernández-Muñoz, D., Gómez-Ramírez, A. M., Valiente‐Soriano, F. J., Agudo‐Barriuso, M., Vidal‐Sanz, M., Villegas‐Pérez, M. P., & García‐Ayuso, D. (2020) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.61.3.47 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, P., Cheng, K., Huang, J.-Y., Wang, S.-Y., Lin, Y.-N., Tseng, Y.-T., Hsieh, C., & Wung, B. (2021) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2021.115545 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Wang, T., Dong, J., Yin, H., & Zhang, G. (2020) · Lasers in Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s10103-019-02928-9 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Giannos, S. A., Kraft, E. R., Lyons, L. J., & Gupta, P. K. (2019) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000001393 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Campbell, I., Sharifpour, R., & Vandewalle, G. (2023) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep5010012 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Molecular Mechanism of Retina Light Injury Focusing on Damage from Short Wavelength Light
Fan, B., Zhang, C.-X., Chi, J., Liang, Y., Bao, X.-L., Cong, Y.-Y., Yu, B., Li, X., & Li, G. (2022) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2022/8482149 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Abdouh, M., Lu, M., Chen, Y., Goyeneche, A. A., Burnier, J. V., & Burnier, M. N. (2022) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2022.108978 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Blue light-triggered photochemistry and cytotoxicity of retinal
Ratnayake, K., Payton, J. L., Meger, M. E., Godage, N. H., Gionfriddo, E., & Karunarathne, A. (2020) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109547 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ju, Y., Tang, Z., Dai, X., Gao, H., Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Ni, N., Zhang, D., Wang, Y., et al. (2020) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.15303 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Blue Light—Ocular and Systemic Damaging Effects: A Narrative Review
Antemie, R.-G., Samoilă, O., & Clichici, S. V. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24065998 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Shedding light on a potential hazard
Fluent, M. T., Ferracane, J. L., Mace, J. G., Shah, A. R., & Price, R. B. (2019) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2019.08.012 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Liu, X., Zhou, Q., Lin, H. L., Wu, J., Wu, Z., Qu, S., & Bi, Y. (2019) · Translational Vision Science & Technology · doi:10.1167/tvst.8.3.19 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Li, H., Zhang, M., Wang, D.-H., Dong, G., Chen, Z., Li, S., Sun, X., Zeng, M., Haiyang, L., Chen, H., et al. (2021) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2021/3236892 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Photobiomodulation of the Visual System and Human Health
Buch, J. R., & Hammond, B. R. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21218020 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Yang, D., Rong, R., Yang, R., You, M., Wang, M., Li, H., & Ji, D. (2021) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.082 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Kam, J. H., Hogg, C. R., Fosbury, R. A. E., Shinhmar, H., & Jeffery, G. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257149 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Blue-blocking filters do not alleviate signs and symptoms of digital eye strain
Vera, J., Redondo, B., Ortega‐Sánchez, A., Molina‐Molina, A., Molina, R., Rosenfield, M., & Jiménez, R. (2022) · Clinical and Experimental Optometry · doi:10.1080/08164622.2021.2018914 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Blue Light and Eye Damage: A Review on the Impact of Digital Device Emissions
Hipólito, V., & Coelho, J. M. P. (2023) · Photonics · doi:10.3390/photonics10050560 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wei, D., Qu, C., Zhao, N., Li, S., Pu, N., Song, Z., & Tao, Y. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102308 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Valiente‐Soriano, F. J., Pierdomenico, J. D., García‐Ayuso, D., Ortín-Martínez, A., de Imperial‐Ollero, J. A. M., Gallego‐Ortega, A., Jiménez-López, M., Villegas‐Pérez, M. P., Becerra, S. P., & Vidal‐Sanz, M. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21197242 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationXie, T., Cai, J., Yao, Y., Sun, C., Yang, Q., Wu, M., Xu, Z., Sun, X., & Wang, X. (2021) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-21-3390 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chan, Y.-J., Hsiao, G., Wan, W.-N., Yang, T.-M., Tsai, C.-H., Kang, J., Lee, Y., Fang, T., Cheng, Y., & Li, C.-H. (2023) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-023-00430-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Diabetic photoreceptors: Mechanisms underlying changes in structure and function
Becker, S., Carroll, L. S., & Vinberg, F. (2020) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523820000097 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A visible light-triggered artificial photonic nociceptor with adaptive tunability of threshold
Gong, G., Gao, S., Xie, Z., Ye, X., Lü, Y., Yang, H., Zhu, X., & Li, R. (2020) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d0nr07297d · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Martínez-Vacas, A., Pierdomenico, J. D., Valiente‐Soriano, F. J., Vidal‐Sanz, M., Picaud, S. A., Villegas‐Pérez, M. P., & García‐Ayuso, D. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23010346 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationBlue Light-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage Underlay Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Apoptosis
Abdouh, M., Chen, Y., Goyeneche, A. A., & Burnier, M. N. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252312619 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The potential ‘blue light hazard’ from LED headlamps
Price, R. B., Labrie, D., Sullivan, B. M., & Sliney, D. H. (2022) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104226 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Increased usage of smartphones during COVID‐19: Is that blue light causing skin damage?
Jakhar, D., Kaul, S., & Kaur, I. (2020) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.13662 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Laser induced broadband white emission of Y2Si2O7 nanocrystals
Tomala, R. A., Hreniak, D., & Stręk, W. (2019) · Journal of Rare Earths · doi:10.1016/j.jre.2019.03.014 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Yang, P., Cheng, K., Yuan, S., & Wung, B. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4656 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Xie, C., Zhu, H., Chen, S., Wen, Y., Jin, L., Zhang, L., Tong, J., & Shen, Y. (2020) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111977 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Age-Related Macular Degeneration: What Do We Know So Far?
Ma, H. H., & Liutkevičienė, R. (2021) · Acta medica Lituanica · doi:10.15388/amed.2021.28.1.7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Jin, M., Li, X., Yan, F., Chen, W., Jiang, L., & Zhang, X. (2020) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112099 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ebrahimi, B., Le, D., Abtahi, M., Dadzie, A. K., Rossi, A., Rahimi, M., Son, T., Ostmo, S. R., Campbell, J. P., Chan, R. V. P., et al. (2024) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.jbo.29.7.076001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Photoactivatable Cre knock-in mice for spatiotemporal control of genetic engineering in vivo
Yoshimi, K., Yamauchi, Y., Tanaka, T., Shimada, T., Sato, M., & Mashimo, T. (2020) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/s41374-020-00482-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Araragi, N., Alenina, N. V., & Bäder, M. (2021) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08692 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
de Imperial‐Ollero, J. A. M., Gallego‐Ortega, A., Norte‐Muñoz, M., Pierdomenico, J. D., Valiente‐Soriano, F. J., & Vidal‐Sanz, M. (2021) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2021.108746 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Duan, H., & Yan, W. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2023.2298789 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
de Imperial‐Ollero, J. A. M., Gallego‐Ortega, A., Ortín-Martínez, A., Villegas‐Pérez, M. P., Valiente‐Soriano, F. J., & Vidal‐Sanz, M. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11111137 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The role of HMOX1-mediated ferroptosis in blue light-induced damage to retinal pigment epithelium
Ji, C., Wang, Y., Ju, Y., Liu, S., Chen, X., Wang, J., Sun, N., Tang, Z., Gu, P., & Ji, J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-03757-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Influence of HEV-Filtering Contact Lenses on Behavioral Indices of Glare
Renzi‐Hammond, L. M., Buch, J. R., Xu, J., & Hammond, B. R. (2022) · Eye & Contact Lens Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1097/icl.0000000000000944 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lu, T., Chang, J., Jhou, B.-Y., Hsu, J., Li, T., Lee, L., Chen, Y., Chang, H., Chen, C., Wu, P., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15143103 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Li, X., Zhang, Z.-Y., Fan, B., Li, Y., Song, D.-J., & Li, G. (2022) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2022/6881322 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Wan, Y., Ding, J., Fan, M., & Huang, H. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000043107 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“[48] Blue light is located at the high wavelength end of the visible light spectrum, containing a higher photon density and energy, which may represent a potential high risk for retinal damage.”
Lago, J. C., Ganzerla, M. D., Dias, A. L. A., & Savietto, J. P. (2023) · JID Innovations · doi:10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100252 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Whole transcriptome analysis on blue light-induced eye damage
Ouyang, X. (2020) · International Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.18240/ijo.2020.08.06 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
LED-Induced Microglial Activation and Rise in Caspase3 Suggest a Reorganization in the Retina
Balogh, B., Szarka, G., Tengölics, Á. J., Hoffmann, G., Völgyi, B., & Kovács‐Öller, T. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms221910418 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kozlowski, M. R. (2021) · Medical Hypothesis Discovery & Innovation in Optometry · doi:10.51329/mehdioptometry118 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Orhan, C., Gençoğlu, H., Tuzcu, M., Şahin, N., Özercan, İ. H., Morde, A. A., Padigaru, M., & Şahin, K. (2021) · Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology · doi:10.1080/15569527.2021.1978478 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Jankov, M. R., II, Jakšić, V., & Koruga, D. L. (2019) · Vojnosanitetski pregled · doi:10.2298/vsp190522082j · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Yokoyama, M., Chang, H., Anzai, H., & Kato, M. (2019) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina55110732 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Effect of light-emitting diodes with different color rendering indexes on the ocular tissues of rat
Chen, W., Lin, R., Qiu, Z.-R., Chen, Y., Lin, Z.-Q., Ke, X.-B., & Huang, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.18240/ijo.2022.07.01 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nie, J., Xu, N., Chen, Z., Huang, L., Jiao, F., Chen, Y., Pan, Z., Deng, C., Zhang, H., Dong, B., et al. (2022) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43630-022-00354-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Stanković, I., Matija, L., Jankov, M. R., II, Jeftić, B., Koruga, I., & Koruga, D. (2020) · Journal of Polymer Research · doi:10.1007/s10965-020-02203-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kim, J. Y., Kim, S., Cho, J. L., Lee, J. S., Lee, C. S., Byeon, S. H., Kim, S. S., Lee, S. W., & Kim, Y. J. (2025) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2025.07.007 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effects of monochromatic light on eye growth regulation and Myopia control
Liu, T., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Liu, S., Gao, Z., Li, X., & Zhang, W. (2025) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104735 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nassrallah, E. I., Mastromonaco, C., Marcotte, E., Youhnovska, E. N., Abdouh, M., & Burnier, M. N. (2024) · The Pan-American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.4103/pajo.pajo_87_23 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
An Insights into Non-RE Doped Materials for Opto-Electronic Display Applications
Chirauri, S. K., Rakshita, M., & Haranath, D. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-1312-9_12 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Radiology blues: Comparing occupational blue-light exposure to recommended safety standards
Wentzel, M., van Rensburg, J. J., & Terblans, J. J. (2023) · South African Journal of Radiology · doi:10.4102/sajr.v27i1.2522 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lanius, S. L., Munhoz, L. S., & Vargas, M. A. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-50971-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tolerance to Light of Patients Suffering From Infectious Keratitis
Courrier, E., Lambert, V., Renault, D., Garcin, T., Moine, B., Herbepin, P., Thuret, G., & Gain, P. (2020) · Cornea · doi:10.1097/ico.0000000000002516 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Impact of light-emitting diodes on visual cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons (V1-L5PNs)—A rodent study
Theruveethi, N. (2024) · Molecular vision · doi:10.63500/mv_v30_67 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Safety of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Based Domestic Lighting in Rural Context
Kumar, T., Rao, R. R., Ramamurthy, P. C., & Mani, M. (2018) · IEEE India Conference · doi:10.1109/indicon45594.2018.8987093 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Suetov, A. A., Alekperov, S. I., Odinokaya, M. A., & Kostina, A. A. (2021) · Russian Annals of Ophthalmology · doi:10.17116/oftalma202113705157 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Frohns, A., Stojanović, M., Barisani‐Asenbauer, T., Kuratli, J., Borel, N., & Inić‐Kanada, A. (2021) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112306 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effects on Wavefront Aberration after Short-term Wear of Senofilcon A Photochromic Contact Lens
Recep, Ö. F., Kocabaş, D. Ö., Kızıltoprak, H., & Özülken, K. (2022) · Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-1973-8904 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chiu, S.-J., Chou, H.-C., Hu, T., Chan, Y.-J., Hsu, T.-J., Tsai, C.-H., Yang, T.-M., Kang, J., Hsiao, G., & Cheng, Y. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3847314/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
FUNCTIONAL RETINAL GANGLION CELL ACTIVITY FOLLOWING LIGHT-INDUCED RETINAL DAMAGE IN MICE
Sy, J. J. (2019) · DalSpace (Dalhousie University)
Agarwal, K., & Agarwal, M. (2019) · International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR] · doi:10.21276/ijcmr.2019.6.12.10
The Correlation Between Blue Light Glasses and High School Student Retention in Class
Skelly, L. E., & Talarczyk, P. (2021) · Journal of Student Research · doi:10.47611/jsrhs.v10i1.1042
Protective roles of ketamine and xylazine against lightinduced retinal degeneration in rats
Li, X., Li, T., Li, Y., & Li, L. (2021) · Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.4314/tjpr.v18i4.7
Zhang, Y.-F., Cao, R., Song, J.-B., Wei, D., Duan, F.-J., Wang, W., Zhang, Z.-M., & Chen, T. (2022) · International Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.18240/ijo.2022.02.04
Heriot, W. J., Wong, V. H. Y., He, Z., Hoang, A., Lim, J. K. H., Nishimura, T., Zhao, D. Y., Metha, A. B., & Bui, B. V. (2022) · Clinical and Experimental Optometry · doi:10.1080/08164622.2022.2067471
Do Sunglasses on Brazilian Market Have Blue-Light Protection?
Loureiro, A. D., Gomes, L. M., & Ventura, L. (2022) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70601-2_188
Wang, L., Wen, Y., Zhang, D., Yu, X., Zhang, L., Zhu, H., Tong, J., & Shen, Y. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4170601
Turner, R. P. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89827-0.00008-5
Ebrahimi, B., Le, D., Abtahi, M., Dadzie, A. K., Rossi, A., Rahimi, M., Son, T., Ostmo, S. R., Campbell, J. P., Chan, R. V. P., et al. (2024) · Ophthalmic Technologies · doi:10.1117/12.3003192
The ophthalmic perspective of blue light hazard
Singh, A. K. (2024) · Himalayan Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.4103/hjo.hjo_4_24
Gao, H., Lu, H., Ren, Z. M., Yang, H., Wei, X., Yan, C., Chen, D., Jin, J., & Wang, J. (2025) · Optical Engineering · doi:10.1117/1.oe.64.1.015102
Update: Laser – an Everyday Tool with Underrated Risks
Hohberger, B., Schünemann, M., Sperlich, K., Stahnke, T., Berlien, H., Jakobs, F. M., Weinand, F. S., Reidenbach, H.-D., Schottenhamml, J., & Stachs, O. (2025) · Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-2670-4581
Chan, Y.-J., Hsiao, G., Wan, W.-N., Yang, T.-M., Tsai, C.-H., Kang, J.-J., Lee, Y.-C., Fang, T.-C., Cheng, Y.-W., & Li, C.-H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26584485
Chan, Y.-J., Hsiao, G., Wan, W.-N., Yang, T.-M., Tsai, C.-H., Kang, J.-J., Lee, Y.-C., Fang, T.-C., Cheng, Y.-W., & Li, C.-H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26584488
Preti, R. C., Navajas, E. V., & Príncipe, A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29358-0_53-1
Hopirca, L., Țîpcu, A., Hapca, M.-C., Nemeș-Drăgan, I.-A., Lazăr, C. T., & Nicoară, S. (2026) · Vision · doi:10.3390/vision10020030
Preti, R. C., Navajas, E., & de Oliveira, A. H. P. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-23052-2_53
- Authors
- Vicente-Tejedor, J., Marchena, M., Ramírez, L., García-Ayuso, D., Gómez-Vicente, V., Sánchez-Ramos, C., de la Villa, P., & Germain, F.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Universidad de Alcalá (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Vicente-Tejedor, Javier
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2018-03-15
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e0194218
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5854379
- OpenAlex
- W2794148642
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 11.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- e_Buah (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Library Open Repository (Universidad Complutense Madrid) (submittedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RUA, Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante (Universidad de Alicante) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (SAF2010-21879)
- Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PTQ-10-03588, PI13-02098)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RD12-0034-0006)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular and Laser Science Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Keywords
- blue light, retinal phototoxicity, photoreceptor damage, retinal protection, electroretinogram, outer nuclear layer, retinal morphology, albino mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Color, Electroretinography, Eye Injuries, Light, Radiation Injuries, Experimental, Retina, Retinal Degeneration, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
