Controlled clinical trial of canine therapy versus usual care to reduce patient anxiety in the emergency department

Kline, Jeffrey A.; Fisher, Michelle A.; Pettit, Katherine L.; Linville, Courtney T.; Beck, Alan M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209232

Cited by 81Human-Animal Interaction StudiesMusic Therapy and HealthPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Controlled clinical trial of canine therapy versus usual care to reduce patient anxiety in the emergency department

Open access

Kline, Jeffrey A., Fisher, Michelle A., Pettit, Katherine L., Linville, Courtney T., Beck, Alan M.·2019·PLOS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0209232PMC PMC6326463

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Test if therapy dogs reduce anxiety in emergency department (ED) patients. METHODS: In this controlled clinical trial (NCT03471429), medically stable, adult patients were approached if the physician believed that the patient had "moderate or greater anxiety." Patients were allocated on a 1:1 ratio to either 15 min exposure to a certified therapy dog and handler (dog), or usual care (control). Patient reported anxiety, pain and depression were assessed using a 0-10 scale (10 = worst). Primary outcome was change in anxiety from baseline (T0) to 30 min and 90 min after exposure to dog or control (T1 and T2 respectively); secondary outcomes were pain, depression and frequency of pain medication. RESULTS: Among 93 patients willing to participate in research, 7 had aversions to dogs, leaving 86 (92%) were willing to see a dog six others met exclusion criteria, leaving 40 patients allocated to each group (dog or control). Median and mean baseline anxiety, pain and depression scores were similar between groups. With dog exposure, median anxiety decreased significantly from T0 to T1: 6 (IQR 4-9.75) to T1: 2 (0-6) compared with 6 (4-8) to 6 (2.5-8) in controls (P<0.001, for T1, Mann-Whitney U and unpaired t-test). Dog exposure was associated with significantly lower anxiety at T2 and a significant overall treatment effect on two-way repeated measures ANOVA for anxiety, pain and depression. After exposure, 1/40 in the dog group needed pain medication, versus 7/40 in controls (P = 0.056, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to therapy dogs plus handlers significantly reduced anxiety in ED patients.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pone.0209232

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Resident or visiting dogs in prisons, nursing homes, mental institutions, and hospitals can reduce patient anxiety in a hospital emergency department, reduce pain perceptions in children after surgery, or calm young patients at a pediatric dental clinic.
“Examples include resident or visiting dogs in prisons, nursing homes [33], mental institutions, and hospitals where they can reduce patient anxiety in a hospital emergency department [34], reduce pain perceptions in children after surgery [35], or calm young patients at a pediatric dental clinic [36].”
From A One Health Perspective on the Human-Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects. (2020) · cites this paper as [34]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support
Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., Gonzalez, N., & Conde, J. G. (2009) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010 · Cited by 51,384
Untitled work
(2006) · Cited by 18,730
Constructing grounded theory. A practical guide through qualitative analysis
Brink, E., Dellve, L., Hallberg, U. E., Abrahamsson, K. H., Klingberg, G., & Wentz, K. (2006) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.3402/qhw.v1i3.4932 · Cited by 6,913
View Through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery
Ulrich, R. S. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6143402 · Cited by 5,341
The effects of animal-assisted therapy on anxiety ratings of hospitalized psychiatric patients
Barker, S. B., & Dawson, K. S. (1998) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.49.6.797 · Cited by 415
Animal-assisted therapy as a pain relief intervention for children
Braun, C., Stangler, T., Narveson, J., & Pettingell, S. L. (2009) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.02.008 · Cited by 276
“Could this Be Something Serious?”
Epstein, R. M., Hadee, T., Carroll, J. K., Meldrum, S. C., Lardner, J., & Shields, C. G. (2007) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0416-9 · Cited by 217
Canine Visitation (Pet) Therapy: Pilot Data on Decreases in Child Pain Perception
Sobo, E. J., Eng, B., & Kassity-Krich, N. (2006) · Journal of Holistic Nursing · doi:10.1177/0898010105280112 · Cited by 174
Randomised controlled trial of animal facilitated therapy with dolphins in the treatment of depression
Antonioli, C., & Reveley, M. A. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1231 · Cited by 154
Measuring the Effects of an Animal-Assisted Intervention for Pediatric Oncology Patients and Their Parents: A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial
McCullough, A. J., Ruehrdanz, A., Jenkins, M. A., Gilmer, M. J., Olson, J., Pawar, A., Holley, L., Sierra-Rivera, S., Linder, D. E., Pichette, D., et al. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043454217748586 · Cited by 127
Effect of Pet Dogs on Children's Perceived Stress and Cortisol Stress Response
Kertes, D. A., Liu, J., Hall, N. J., Hadad, N. A., Wynne, C. D. L., & Bhatt, S. (2016) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12203 · Cited by 126
THE EFFECTS OF A COMPANION ANIMAL ON DISTRESS IN CHILDREN UNDERGOING DENTAL PROCEDURES
Havener, L., Gentes, L., Thaler, B., Megel, M. E., Baun, M. M., Driscoll, F. A., Beiraghi, S., & Agrawal, N. (2001) · Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1080/01460860118472 · Cited by 116
Assessment of Anxiety in Intensive Care Patients By Using the Faces Anxiety Scale
McKinley, S., Stein‐Parbury, J., Chehelnabi, A., & Lovas, J. (2004) · American Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.4037/ajcc2004.13.2.146 · Cited by 111
Increased blood pressure in the emergency department: pain, anxiety, or undiagnosed hypertension?
Tanabe, P., Persell, S. D., Adams, J. G., McCormick, J., Martinovich, Z., & Baker, D. W. (2008) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.10.017 · Cited by 89
Chronic Pain in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Mixed-Methods Cross-Sectional Study Examining Patient Characteristics and Reasons for Presentations
Poulin, P. A., Nelli, J., Tremblay, S., Small, R., Caluyong, M. B., Freeman, J., Romanow, H., Stokes, Y., Carpino, T., Carson, A., et al. (2016) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2016/3092391 · Cited by 78
Validity of the Faces Anxiety Scale for the assessment of state anxiety in intensive care patients not receiving mechanical ventilation
McKinley, S., & Madronio, C. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.02.002 · Cited by 71
Intervenciones asistidas por animales en neurorrehabilitación: una revisión de la literatura más reciente
Lasa, S. M., Máximo-Bocanegra, N., Alcaide, R. V., Atín-Arratibel, M. D. L. Á., Donoso, E. V., & Ferriero, G. (2013) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2013.01.012 · Cited by 71
Animal assisted interventions in neurorehabilitation: a review of the most recent literature
Lasa, S. M., Máximo-Bocanegra, N., Alcaide, R. V., Atín-Arratibel, M. D. L. Á., Donoso, E. V., & Ferriero, G. (2014) · Neurología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2013.01.010 · Cited by 64
Impact of Animal-Assisted Therapy for Outpatients with Fibromyalgia
Marcus, D. A., Bernstein, C., Constantin, J. M., Kunkel, F. A., Breuer, P., & Hanlon, R. B. (2012) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01522.x · Cited by 61
The biology of the human–animal bond
Beck, A. M. (2014) · Animal Frontiers · doi:10.2527/af.2014-0019 · Cited by 60
Self-citation
Gender Differences in Patient-described Pain, Stress, and Anxiety Among Patients Undergoing Treatment for Painful Conditions in the Emergency Department
Patel, R., Biros, M. H., Moore, J., & Miner, J. R. (2014) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.12543 · Cited by 47
The Effect of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Pain Medication Use After Joint Replacement
Havey, J., Vlasses, F. R., Vlasses, P. H., Ludwig‐Beymer, P., & Hackbarth, D. P. (2014) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.2752/175303714x13903827487962 · Cited by 44
Therapy Dogs in the Emergency Department
Nahm, N. J., Lubin, J., Lubin, J. S., Bankwitz, B., Castelaz, M., Chen, X., Shackson, J., Aggarwal, M., & Totten, V. Y. (2012) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2011.5.6574 · Cited by 36
Scales for Evaluating Self-Perceived Anxiety Levels in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units: A Review
Perpiñá‐Galvañ, J., & Richart‐Martínez, M. (2009) · American Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.4037/ajcc2009682 · Cited by 35
Anxiety about anxiety: a survey of emergency department provider beliefs and practices regarding anxiety-associated low risk chest pain
Musey, P. I., Lee, J. A., Hall, C. L., & Kline, J. A. (2018) · BMC Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12873-018-0161-x · Cited by 33
Self-citation
Anxiety Associated With Increased Risk for Emergency Department Recidivism in Patients With Low-Risk Chest Pain
Musey, P. I., Patel, R., Fry, C. M. E., Jimenez, G., Koene, R., & Kline, J. A. (2018) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.06.044 · Cited by 31
Self-citation
Emergency Department Cardiopulmonary Evaluation of Low-Risk Chest Pain Patients with Self-Reported Stress and Anxiety
Musey, P. I., & Kline, J. A. (2016) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.11.022 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Assessing Risk of Future Suicidality in Emergency Department Patients
Brucker, K., Duggan, C., Niezer, J., Roseberry, K., Le-Niculescu, H., Niculescu, A. B., & Kline, J. A. (2018) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.13562 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Improving perceptions of empathy in patients undergoing low-yield computerized tomographic imaging in the emergency department
Lin, M., Probst, M. A., Puskarich, M. A., Dehon, E. E., Kuehl, D., Wang, R. C., Hess, E. P., Butler, K., Runyon, M. S., Wang, H., et al. (2017) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2017.11.012 · Cited by 10
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

A One Health Perspective on the Human-Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects.
Overgaauw, P. A. M., Vinke, C. M., van Hagen, M. A. E., & Lipman, L. J. A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17113789 · Cited by 301
“Examples include resident or visiting dogs in prisons, nursing homes [33], mental institutions, and hospitals where they can reduce patient anxiety in a hospital emergency department [34], reduce pain perceptions in children after surgery [35], or calm young patients at a pediatric dental clinic [36].”
Background
Dogs Supporting Human Health and Well-Being: A Biopsychosocial Approach
Gee, N. R., Rodriguez, K. E., Fine, A. H., & Trammell, J. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.630465 · Cited by 199
The State of Animal-Assisted Interventions: Addressing the Contemporary Issues That Will Shape the Future
Fine, A. H., Beck, A. M., & Ng, Z. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16203997 · Cited by 186
Self-citation
Randomized Trial of Therapy Dogs Versus Deliberative Coloring (Art Therapy) to Reduce Stress in Emergency Medicine Providers
Kline, J. A., VanRyzin, K., Davis, J. C., Parra, J. A., Todd, M. L., Shaw, L. L., Haggard, B. R., Fisher, M. A., Pettit, K. L., & Beck, A. M. (2020) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.13939 · Cited by 62
Self-citation
Canine-Assisted Interventions in Hospitals: Best Practices for Maximizing Human and Canine Safety
Barker, S. B., & Gee, N. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.615730 · Cited by 45
The Impact of a 20-Minute Animal-Assisted Activity Session on the Physiological and Emotional States in Patients With Fibromyalgia
Clark, S., Martin, F., McGowan, R. T. S., Smidt, J., Anderson, R., Wang, L., Turpin, T., Langenfeld-McCoy, N., Bauer, B., & Mohabbat, A. B. (2020) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.037 · Cited by 32
Outcomes of a controlled trial with visiting therapy dog teams on pain in adults in an emergency department
Carey, B., Dell, C. A., Stempien, J., Tupper, S., Rohr, B. A., Carr, E., Cruz, M., Acoose, S., Butt, P. R., Broberg, L., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262599 · Cited by 31
Protecting Animal Welfare in Animal-Assisted Intervention: Our Ethical Obligation
Fine, A. H., & Griffin, T. C. (2022) · Seminars in Speech and Language · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1742099 · Cited by 28
Zoonotic Risks of Sleeping with Pets
Zanen, L. A., Kusters, J. G., & Overgaauw, P. A. M. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11101149 · Cited by 24
Integrating wellness into curricula using the ten dimensions of wellness as a framework
Gawlik, K. S., Teall, A. M., Zeno, R., Newtz, C., Conrad, K., Kolcun, K., Bobek, H., Deerhake, A., Sullivan, K., Rengers, B., et al. (2023) · Journal of Professional Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2023.11.006 · Cited by 22
Effect of waiting room ambience on the stress and anxiety of patients undergoing medical treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Lundberg, A., Hillebrecht, A., & Srinivasan, M. (2024) · Advances in Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.aimed.2024.04.004 · Cited by 20
Patient Opinion of Visiting Therapy Dogs in a Hospital Emergency Department
Reddekopp, J., Dell, C. A., Rohr, B. A., Fornssler, B., Gibson, M., Carey, B., & Stempien, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17082968 · Cited by 20
Therapy Dogs for Anxiety in Children in the Emergency Department
Kelker, H. P., Siddiqui, H. K., Beck, A. M., & Kline, J. A. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0636 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Impact of emergency department length of stay on anxiety and comfort in older people
Considine, J., Berry, D., Rasmussen, B., Hutchinson, A. M., Rawson, H. A., Jordan, P., & Street, M. (2021) · International Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2021.100974 · Cited by 17
Pet therapy in the emergency department and ambulatory care: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Gaudet, L., Elliott, S. A., Ali, S., Kammerer, E., Stauffer, B. A., Felkar, B., Scott, S. D., Dennett, L., & Hartling, L. (2021) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.14421 · Cited by 17
Effect of the presence of an aquarium in the waiting area on the stress, anxiety and mood of adult dental patients: A controlled clinical trial
Lundberg, A., & Srinivasan, M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0258118 · Cited by 15
A case study of the patient wait experience in an emergency department with therapy dogs
Dell, C. A., Stempien, J., Broberg, L., Husband, A., Jurke, L., Rohr, B. A., Smith, J., Rubin, J. E., Tupper, S., Goodridge, D. M., et al. (2019) · Patient Experience Journal · doi:10.35680/2372-0247.1306 · Cited by 13
Use of animal-assisted interventions in relieving pain in healthcare settings: A systematic review
Stensland, M. L., & McGeary, D. D. (2021) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101519 · Cited by 12
Goldfish or aquatic turtle? Impact of two animal assisted interventions on children's pain, anxiety, and fear during IV catheterization: A randomized controlled trial
Sarman, A., & Tuncay, S. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2023.12.017 · Cited by 12
The Importance of the Treatment Rationale for Pain in Animal-Assisted Interventions: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Participants
Wagner, C., Gaab, J., & Hediger, K. (2023) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.01.004 · Cited by 10
Mobile Zoos and Other Itinerant Animal Handling Events: Current Status and Recommendations for Future Policies
Warwick, C., Pilny, A. A., Steedman, C., Howell, T. J., Silvestre, A. M., Cadenas, V., & Grant, R. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13020214 · Cited by 9
Effects of Interaction with Virtual Pets on Self-Disclosure in Mixed Reality
Lim, S., & Dong, S.-Y. (2023) · Proceedings - International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, ISMAR · doi:10.1109/ismar59233.2023.00014 · Cited by 9
The overview of utilizing complementary therapy to relieve stress or anxiety in emergency department patients: animal-assisted therapy, art therapy, and music therapy
Au, T. Y., & Assavarittirong, C. (2021) · Mental Health Global Challenges Journal · doi:10.32437/mhgcj.v4i2.125 · Cited by 8
Pawsitive Care: Canine-Assisted Intervention for Anxiety in ICU Patients and Family Members: A Single-Center, Single-Arm Study
Cook, K., Robertson, C., Gudivada, K. K., Mitchell, I., Nourse, M., Hosey, M. M., Paterson, C. C., & Rai, S. (2025) · Critical Care Explorations · doi:10.1097/cce.0000000000001258 · Cited by 6
Inclusion of older adults and reporting of consent processes in randomized controlled trials in the emergency department: A scoping review
Southerland, L. T., Benson, K. K., Schoeffler, A., Lashutka, M., Soo Borson, B., & Bischof, J. J. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open · doi:10.1002/emp2.12774 · Cited by 6
Animal-Assisted Therapy for the Management of Anxiety in the Hospital Setting
Esteve, L. A., López-Masés, P., Pino, L. E. B. D., & Lázaro, E. (2025) · Holistic Nursing Practice · doi:10.1097/hnp.0000000000000737 · Cited by 5
The effect of animal-assisted intervention on fear in children in the emergency department: A randomized controlled trial
Yilmaz, G., & Acar, M. D. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2024.09.017 · Cited by 4
Risks and benefits of the interaction with companion animals
Pinello, K. C., Palmieri, C., Ruiz, J., Dagli, M. L., & Niza‐Ribeiro, J. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822794-7.00012-5 · Cited by 4
An overview of the benefits of animal-assisted interventions in medical and therapeutic contexts for human health: cognitive mechanisms, sensory perception and welfare considerations
Mota‐Rojas, D., Nannoni, E., Strappini, A. C., Hernández-Ávalos, I., Martı́nez-Burnes, J., Domínguez-Oliva, A., Mora‐Medina, P., El-Aziz, A. H. A., Olmos-Hernández, A. S., Miranda-Cortés, A. E., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1757427 · Cited by 3
The role of animal-assisted interventions (AAI) in healthcare waiting rooms: A scoping review on enhancing patients’ well-being and experience
Hartigan, I., Pennisi, Y., Harman, C., Keating, C., Fitzgerald, K., & Truong, M. L. (2025) · Human-Animal Interactions · doi:10.1079/hai.2025.0030 · Cited by 2
Emergency Department Waiting Experience: The Impact of an Attentive Robot
Kopelman, Y. R., Shriki, D. D., Elias, R. C., Leivy, T., Waksberg, J., Leybel, M., Ashkar, J., Hamdan, M., & Erel, H. (2026) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) · doi:10.1145/3757279.3785552 · Cited by 2
ANIM3
Visscher, A., Kolkmeier, J., Langener, S., & van Delden, R. W. (2020) · Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play · doi:10.1145/3383668.3419870 · Cited by 2
Examining the Trajectory of Human–Animal Interaction Research
Gee, N. R., & Wells, D. L. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22346-4.00006-8 · Cited by 2
Recommendations for Implementation of Dog Therapy Intervention in the Athletic Training Facility
Covach, R., Keenan, L., & Duckett, E. (2024) · International Journal of Athletic Therapy & Training · doi:10.1123/ijatt.2022-0117 · Cited by 1
Köpek Destekli Terapi
Sevinç, M. A., & Gökmen, G. Y. (2025) · KTO Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.59244/ktokusbd.1586234 · Cited by 1
Comparison of Drug and Non-Drug Treatment Options of Fibromyalgia
Mohiuddin, A. K. (2019) · Global Journal of Orthopedics Research · doi:10.33552/gjor.2019.01.000522 · Cited by 1
Drug and Non-Drug Treatment Options of Fibromyalgia
Mohiuddin, A. K. (2019) · Nursing & Healthcare International Journal · doi:10.23880/nhij-16000197 · Cited by 1
Contemporary Nonpharmacological Strategies to Manage Preoperative Anxiety: Nonsystematic Review
Kuzminskaitė, V., Ramaškaitė, A., Semenkovaitė, J., & Kontrimavičiūtė, E. (2024) · Acta medica Lituanica · doi:10.15388/amed.2024.31.2.17 · Cited by 1
Nurse Leaders’ Perspectives on Animal-Assisted Interventions
Abate, S. (2020) · ScholarWorks (Walden University) · Cited by 1
Utilization of a Consistent Dog Therapy Program in a Level 1 Pediatric Emergency Department
Mash, H. (2020) · The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University)
Lessons From Starting a New Subspecialty in a Rural State
Rosen, P., & Mullett, C. J. (2020) · Journal of Patient Experience · doi:10.1177/2374373520942093
Alternative Measures to Chronic Pain Management
Mohiuddin, A. K. (2019) · Journal of Health Sciences & Research · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10042-1081
Alternative Measures to Chronic Pain Management
Mohiuddin, A. K., & ., T. (2019) · Scholars International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.36348/sijtcm.2019.v02i09.002
USO DE PRECEDEX NA VENTILAÇÃO NÃO INVASIVA PEDIÁTRICA: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Bussaglia, M. E. F., da Cruz, M. M., Wiezel, G., Luiz, T. A., Coura, M. H. F., & Gomes, É. L. D. F. D. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.29
ÓXIDO NÍTRICO COMO TRATAMENTO DA HIPERTENSÃO PULMONAR EM NEONATOS
JUELG, R. D. C. L., Myllena, P., Ikeda, P., Resende, V. C., & Kyosen, S. O. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.22
SAÚDE OCULAR DOS ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA DA UNINOVE EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA COVID-19
Soares, A. L. V., da Silva, A. M. A., & Malerbi, F. K. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.18
FIBROSE CÍSTICA: A IMPORTÂNCIA DO DIAGNÓSTICO DIFERENCIAL EM ADULTOS E CRIANÇAS NÃO DIAGNOSTICADAS NO PERÍODO PRÉ-NATAL
PRADO, N. G., Grigorini, F. V., & Martorelli, J. F. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.14
EXPOSIÇÃO PRÉ-NATAL AO ÁLCOOL E A EXPRESSÃO DE GENES RELACIONADOS À HIPERTROFIA CARDÍACA EM CAMUNDONGOS
Stuchi, A. M., de Matos, L. P., Atum, A. L. B., & Silva, J. A. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.9
EXPRESSÃO MIOCÁRDICA RELACIONADA À CINÉTICA DO CÁLCIO EM ANIMAIS COM EXPOSIÇÃO PRÉ-NATAL AO ÁLCOOL
Resende, A. F. M., Nasuk, G. R., de Jesus, B. C., Atum, A. L. B., & Silva, J. A. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.16
FLUXOGRAMA DE ATENDIMENTO A MULHER VÍTIMA DE VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL
Santos, K. D. S., Clemente, A. J. M., Moreira, L. K., Morilla, T. C., Gomes, T., & Miziara, C. S. M. G. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.11
O PAPEL DO MICROBIOMA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DO CÂNCER DE MAMA: UMA ASSOCIAÇÃO POSSÍVEL?
Alencar, A. N. M., Sonoda, R. D. B., Rozenowicz, R. D. L., Marinheiro, J. C., & Rosa, H. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.23
RELAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL ANALGÉSICO DA BETA - ENDORFINA COMPARADA COM O USO DE OPIÓIDES
Arruda, T. H., Zaia, L. F., & Jorge, R. O. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.27
APRESENTAÇÃO
VUONO, B. D. D. D., Pondé, M. C. V., da Costa, B. A. A., & DEZOTTI, J. H. C. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.1
ANÁLISE DOS FATORES DE RISCO PARA DOENÇA RENAL CRÔNICA DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Martins, A. P., Rezende, G. B. E., Paduam, V., Zanco, L. A. M., Dalboni, M. A., & Pereira, B. J. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.17
FLUXOGRAMA DE ATENDIMENTO À CRIANÇA E ADOLESCENTE VÍTIMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL
Moreira, L. K., Clemente, A. J. M., Santos, K. D. S., Morilla, T. C., Gomes, T. M., & Miziara, C. S. M. G. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.15
UTILIZAÇÃO DE FITOTERÁPICOS EM PEDIATRIA: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Mamede, L. B., de Carvalho, G. B., & Terena, S. M. L. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.7
ACHADOS INCIDENTAIS EM TOMOGRAFIA COMPUTADORIZADA DO TÓRAX: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA
Carneiro, L. G., Vêncio, I. M., Magalhães, A. F., & Meireles, D. P. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.4
O IMPACTO DA VACINA CONTRA O COVID-19 NO CICLO MENSTRUAL DE MULHERES: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Moujally, S. N., & Feliciano, R. D. S. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.3
TERAPIA DE FOTOBIOMODULAÇÃO EM BIOMATERIAL CARBONOSO E NANOPRATA NO MANEJO DE LESÕES ÓSSEAS
de Lima, J. G. C., Rodrigues, A. F., & Marcos, R. L. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.10
A UTILIZAÇÃO DA TOXINA BOTULÍNICA COMO ALTERNATIVA NO TRATAMENTO DA PARALISIA DE BELL
Almeida, G. D. S., Gonçalves, L. A., & Marques, E. R. M. D. C. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.25
INFLUÊNCIA DA DISBIOSE INTESTINAL SOBRE A DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2: ANÁLISE NARRATIVA
dos Santos, P. A. V., Vila, W. D. S., Franco, H. G. M., Souza, G. M., da Silva, V. L. L., & Viana, M. D. M. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.28
Anais do Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho
(2006) · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022
MIR-144 E MIR-203 COMO POTENCIAIS BIOMARCADORES NO DIAGNÓSTICO DE LEIOMIOMAS E LEIOMIOSSARCOMAS UTERINOS
da Cunha, M. G. A. P., de Almeida, B. C., dos Anjos, L. G., Baracat, E. C., & Carvalho, K. C. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.2
TERAPIA ASSISTIDA POR ANIMAIS NO TRATAMENTO DE PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
de Sá, M. M., do Nascimento, D. C. M., Valério, M. E. S., Amorim, G. S., Kobayashi, B. G., & Cardenes, K. M. V. D. H. (2022) · Congresso Médico Acadêmico da Universidade Nove de Julho · doi:10.5585/comamedvg.2022.24
Leading an Army
Wenzel, R. (2023) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxad299
The Impact of Therapy Dogs on Anxiety and Emotional Management in the Pediatric Emergency DepartmentPreprint
Lucrezia, S., Edgerton, A., Feygin, Y. B., & Stevenson, M. D. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3870813/v1
coursekata: Packages and Functions for 'CourseKata' Courses
Blake, A. B., Son, J. Y., & Stigler, J. (2023) · doi:10.32614/cran.package.coursekata
Terapia com animais como intervenção de Enfermagem para manejo da dor
Sant'Anna, A. V., Salgado, P. D. O., Toledo, L. V., Azevedo, C., de Assis, B. B., Ruela, L. D. O., Chianca, T. C. M., & Moura, C. D. C. (2024) · Reme Revista Mineira de Enfermagem · doi:10.35699/2316-9389.2024.42225
Avaliação de respostas fisiológicas e comportamentais como indicadores de estresse em cães de Intervenção Assistida por Animais em hospitais
Santos, C. O. F. (2024) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.10.2024.tde-24022025-145122
Facility Dog Programmatic Effects on Individuals Working in High-Stress Environments
Shear, K., & French, T. (2025) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usaf277
EFECTO DE LA TENENCIA DE PERROS EN LOS SÍNTOMAS DEPRESIVOS DE ADULTOS: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
Gallo Pacheco, P. G. (2023) · renati
Peoples perception of pet illness – is it still disenfranchised?
Kelly, J. (2023) · NORMA
Experiences of animal-assisted therapy among persons with mental health disorders : a non-systematic literature review
Knight, P., & Oblak, F. (2024) · Diva portal (Dalarna University Library)
Understanding the Lived Experiences of Mental Health Professionals Providing Animal Assisted Play Therapy® to Adults in an Outpatient Setting
Unger, K. (2026) · ScholarWorks (Walden University)
Guidance for protocol content and reporting of dog-assisted interventions in randomised controlled trials: explanation and elaboration of the SPIRIT 2025 and CONSORT 2025 extensions
Shoesmith, E., Ratschen, E., Riga, E., Mills, D. S., Gibsone, S., McMillan, D., Wu, Q., Clarke, C., Sprange, K., Meints, K., et al. (2026) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-025-02663-6
ТЕРАПЕВТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ КАНІСТЕРАПІЇ У ВІДНОВЛЕННІ ПСИХОЕМОЦІЙНОГО СТАНУ ОСІБ, ЩО ЗАЗНАЛИ ВПЛИВУ ВІЙНИ
Мирославівна, І. Т., Зубар, О. М., & Сіродан, І. А. (2026) · Ментальне здоров'я. · doi:10.32782/3041-2005/2026-2.18
Animal-assisted therapy on psychological and physical outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Shih, C., Arifin, H., Kustanti, C. Y., Chang, W.-J., Huang, C.-H., Rizki Fitryasari, P. K., Tsai, M., & Ye, J.-Y. (2026) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.16.04236
Comparative 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing of the Fecal Microbiome in Pet Dogs and Cats of Different Breeds in Dhaka City, Bangladesh: With Preliminary Insights Into Zoonotic Relevance
Tania, M. N. T., Sabrin, M. S., Mannan, M. A., Islam, M. M., Hossain, M. T., Rahman, M. H., Islam, M. R., Sultana, S., Hossain, M. S., & Islam, M. (2026) · International Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1155/ijm/8738439
Médiation animale
Autier-Dérian, D. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-78847-5.00012-9
Therapy Dogs During In-Office Laryngologic Procedures: A Pilot Study
Saleem, N., Weiss, N., Franklin, A., Green, K., & Rutt, A. L. (2026) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.08.048
MATTERING AS MEDICINE: EXPLORING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HUMAN-ANIMAL CONNECTIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS LIVING WITH PAIN AND SUICIDALITY
Pavelich, A. R. (2026) · HARVEST (University of Saskatchewan)

Data from: Controlled clinical trial of canine therapy versus usual care to reduce patient anxiety in the emergency department
Kline, J. A. (2018) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · doi:10.5061/dryad.9pv5625
Self-citation
Therapy Dogs for Anxiety in Children in the Emergency Department
Kelker, H. P., Siddiqui, H. K., Beck, A. M., & Kline, J. A. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0636 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Outcomes of a controlled trial with visiting therapy dog teams on pain in adults in an emergency department
Carey, B., Dell, C. A., Stempien, J., Tupper, S., Rohr, B. A., Carr, E., Cruz, M., Acoose, S., Butt, P. R., Broberg, L., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262599 · Cited by 31
The Pawsitive Effect of Therapy Dogs in a Hospital Emergency Department
Carey, B., Dell, C. A., & Pavelich, A. R. (2023) · TheScienceBreaker · doi:10.25250/thescbr.brk694
Therapy Dogs Help Ease Pain, Anxiety in ED Patients
Rosenberg, K. E. (2022) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.naj.0000833940.08615.f7

Authors: Kline, J. A., Fisher, M. A., Pettit, K. L., Linville, C. T., & Beck, A. M.
Affiliations: Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
Eskenazi Health (US)
Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
Corresponding author: Kline, Jeffrey A.
ORCID: Kline, Jeffrey A.
Beck, Alan M.
Venue: PLOS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2019-01-09
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: e0209232
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209232
PMC: PMC6326463
OpenAlex: W2909054345
Semantic Scholar: 76ff98b66ea690a8ad0d03c0fd2728d57edfa6d4
Cited by: 68
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6
FWCI: 6.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Eli Lilly and Company
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords: therapy dogs, dog-assisted therapy, patient anxiety, emergency department patients, pain, depression, analgesic use, human-animal interaction, animal-assisted interventions
MeSH terms: Adult, Animals, Anxiety, Depression, Dogs, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Prospective Studies, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Animal Assisted Therapy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Controlled clinical trial of canine therapy versus usual care to reduce patient anxiety in the emergency department

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks