Association between antimicrobial drug class for treatment and retreatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and frequency of resistant BRD pathogen isolation from veterinary diagnostic laboratory samples
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Abstract
Although 90% of BRD relapses are reported to receive retreatment with a different class of antimicrobial, studies examining the impact of antimicrobial selection (i.e. bactericidal or bacteriostatic) on retreatment outcomes and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are deficient in the published literature. This survey was conducted to determine the association between antimicrobial class selection for treatment and retreatment of BRD relapses on antimicrobial susceptibility of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni. Pathogens were isolated from samples submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory from January 2013 to December 2015. A total of 781 isolates with corresponding animal case histories, including treatment protocols, were included in the analysis. Original susceptibility testing of these isolates for ceftiofur, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, spectinomycin, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin was performed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Data were analyzed using a Bayesian approach to evaluate whether retreatment with antimicrobials of different mechanistic classes (bactericidal or bacteriostatic) increased the probability of resistant BRD pathogen isolation in calves. The posterior distribution we calculated suggests that an increased number of treatments is associated with a greater probability of isolates resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Furthermore, the frequency of resistant BRD bacterial isolates was greater with retreatment using antimicrobials of different mechanistic classes than retreatment with the same class. Specifically, treatment protocols using a bacteriostatic drug first followed by retreatment with a bactericidal drug were associated with a higher frequency of resistant BRD pathogen isolation. In particular, first treatment with tulathromycin (bacteriostatic) followed by ceftiofur (bactericidal) was associated with the highest probability of resistant M. haemolytica among all antimicrobial combinations. These observations suggest that consideration should be given to antimicrobial pharmacodynamics when selecting drugs for retreatment of BRD. However, prospective studies are needed to determine the clinical relevance to antimicrobial stewardship programs in livestock production systems.
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Many respondents relied on empirical selection, choosing high-efficacy, long-acting macrolides like tulathromycin or tildipirosin to reduce treatment frequency and animal stress.
“While respondents prioritised bacterial susceptibility, many still relied on empirical selection, choosing high-efficacy, long-acting macrolides like tulathromycin or tildipirosin to reduce treatment frequency and animal stress, consistent with previous studies (57, 58).”
From Understanding antibiotic decision-making for bovine respiratory disease: a survey of UK farm veterinarians (2026) · cites this paper as [58]
The Discussion describes tulathromycin and tildipirosin as appealing first-line treatments for high-risk cattle because of their efficacy and long residence times. It does not report that respondents selected them empirically, prioritised susceptibility, or chose them to reduce treatment frequency or animal stress; the study analysed diagnostic-laboratory case histories rather than respondents’ reasons for choosing drugs. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Coetzee, J. F., Magstadt, D. R., Sidhu, P. K., Follett, L., Schuler, A. M., Krull, A. C., Cooper, V. L., Engelken, T. J., Kleinhenz, M. D., & O’Connor, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Iowa State University (US)
- Kansas State University (US)
- Drake University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Coetzee, Johann F.
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2019-12-13
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e0219104
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6910856
- OpenAlex
- W2995686890
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Zoetis
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2017-67015-27124)
- Bayer Animal Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
- Keywords
- bovine respiratory disease, antimicrobial resistance, retreatment, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, calves, ceftiofur, tulathromycin, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial stewardship
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cattle, Cephalosporins, Disaccharides, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Heterocyclic Compounds, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Prospective Studies, Recurrence, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Tylosin, Pasteurellaceae, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Macrolides, Fluoroquinolones, Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex, Serogroup
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