The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mapping human mobility during the third and second millennia BC in present-day Denmark
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
This pattern is compatible with models positing increased integration of settlement systems with exchange and communication networks in the Bronze Age.
“This pattern is compatible with models positing increased integration of settlement systems with exchange and communication networks in the Bronze Age (Frei et al. 2019, Furholt 2021, Kristiansen 2002, Kristiansen and Larsson 2005, Miera 2025, Miera et al. 2019).”
From Comparing Connectivity Patterns in Prehistoric Germany by Means of Network Analysis, Artefact and Site Distribution and a Reassessment of Human Mobility ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) (2026) · cites this paper as Frei et al. 2019
The Introduction says southern Scandinavia became more closely linked to European metal-trade networks, and ‘Comparing 3rd and 2nd millennia mobility’ links a change in mobility to long-distance trade. This supports increased exchange connections in the Bronze Age, but the paper does not establish increased integration of settlement systems with communication networks. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIsotopic analyses of human remains associated with Bronze Age elite burials reveal the potential presence of non-local individuals, supporting interpretations of long-distance mobility linked to sociopolitical networks.
“Isotopic analyses of human remains associated with Bronze Age elite burials reveal the potential presence of non-local individuals, supporting interpretations of long-distance mobility linked to sociopolitical networks (Frei et al. 2019, Reiter andFrei 2015).”
From Comparing Connectivity Patterns in Prehistoric Germany by Means of Network Analysis, Artefact and Site Distribution and a Reassessment of Human Mobility ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) (2026) · cites this paper as Frei et al. 2019
Metallurgical and isotopic data suggest complex production and exchange systems involving multiple ore sources, reflecting extensive social and economic networks.
“Metallurgical and isotopic data suggest complex production and exchange systems involving multiple ore sources, reflecting extensive social and economic networks (Frei et al. 2019, Ling et al. 2014, Nørgaard 2018).”
From Comparing Connectivity Patterns in Prehistoric Germany by Means of Network Analysis, Artefact and Site Distribution and a Reassessment of Human Mobility ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) (2026) · cites this paper as Frei et al. 2019
Bronze Age networks appear to link distant geologies through energetically efficient routes.
“Bronze Age networks, though possibly socially selective, appear to link distant geologies through energetically efficient routes (Frei et al. 2019, Kristiansen and Larsson 2005, Nørgaard 2018, Reiter and Frei 2023, Reiter et al. 2023).”
From Comparing Connectivity Patterns in Prehistoric Germany by Means of Network Analysis, Artefact and Site Distribution and a Reassessment of Human Mobility ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) (2026) · cites this paper as Frei et al. 2019
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe
Haak, W., Lazaridis, I., Patterson, N., Rohland, N., Mallick, S., Llamas, B., Brandt, G., Nordenfelt, S., Harney, E., Stewardson, K., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14317 · Cited by 1,940
Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
Allentoft, M. E., Sikora, M., Sjögren, K.-G., Rasmussen, S., Rasmussen, M., Stenderup, J., Damgaard, P. B., Schroeder, H., Ahlström, T., Vinner, L., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14507 · Cited by 1,550
Self-citationGenome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians
Mathieson, I., Lazaridis, I., Rohland, N., Mallick, S., Patterson, N., Roodenberg, S. A., Harney, E., Stewardson, K., Fernandes, D., Novak, M., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16152 · Cited by 1,515
Thomsen, E., & Andreasen, R. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav8083 · Cited by 183
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 66
- K Kristiansen, 2017, Re-theorising mobility and the formation of culture and language among the Corded Ware Culture in Europe, Antiquity, 91, 334, 10.15184/aqy.2017.17 · DOI
- H. Vandkilde, 2016, Bronzization: the Bronze Age as pre-modern globalization, Praehistorische Zeitschrift, 91, 103, 10.1515/pz-2016-0005 · DOI
- K Kristiansen, 2015, Connected Histories: the Dynamics of Bronze Age Interaction and Trade, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 81, 361, 10.1017/ppr.2015.17 · DOI · Paper page
- MK Holst, 2013, Bronze Age ‘Herostrats’: Ritual, Political, and Domestic Economies in Early Bronze Age Denmark, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 79, 265, 10.1017/ppr.2013.14 · DOI
- J-H Bunnefeld, 2016, Crafting Swords. The emergence and production of full-hilted swords in the Early Nordic Bronze Age, Praehistorische Zeitschrift, 91, 379
- AF Harding, 2000, European Societies in the Bronze Age, 10.1017/CBO9780511605901 · DOI
- K Kristiansen, 2005, The Rise of Bronze Age Society
- J Ling, 2014, Moving metals II: provenancing Scandinavian Bronze Age artefacts by lead isotope and elemental analyses, Journal of Archaeological Science, 41, 106, 10.1016/j.jas.2013.07.018 · DOI
- L Melheim, 2018, Moving metals III: Possible origins for copper in Bronze Age Denmark based on lead isotopes and geochemistry, Journal of Archaeological Science, 96, 85, 10.1016/j.jas.2018.04.003 · DOI · Paper page
- KM Frei, 2017, Bronze Age wool: provenance and dye investigations of Danish textiles, Antiquity, 91, 640, 10.15184/aqy.2017.64 · DOI
- Kaul F, Varberg J. Danish beads of Egyptian and Mesopotamian glass in context, and the amber connection. In: Bergerbrant S, Wessman A, editors. New Perspectives on the Bronze Age: Proceedings of the 13th Nordic Bronze Age Symposium Held in Gothenburg 9th to 13th June 2015. Oxford: Archaeopress; 2017. p. 375–86. · DOI
- J-H Bech, 2018, Bronze Age Settlement and Land-Use in Thy, Northwest Denmark
- RA Bentley, 2006, Strontium isotopes from the earth to the archaeological skeleton: A review, Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 13, 135, 10.1007/s10816-006-9009-x · DOI · Paper page
- J. Montgomery, 2010, Passports from the past: Investigating human dispersals using strontium isotope analysis of tooth enamel, Annals of Human Biology, 37, 325, 10.3109/03014461003649297 · DOI
- L Harvig, 2014, Strontium Isotope Signals in Cremated Petrous Portions as Indicator for Childhood Origin, Plos One, 9, e101603, 10.1371/journal.pone.0101603 · DOI
- S. Hillson, 1996, Dental Anthropology, 10.1017/CBO9781139170697 · DOI
- EP Horwitz, 1992, A novel strontium-selective extraction chromatographic resin, Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 10, 313, 10.1080/07366299208918107 · DOI
- JM McArthur, 2006, A revised Pliocene record for marine-87Sr/86Sr used to date an interglacial event recorded in the Cockburn Island Formation, Antarctic Peninsula, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 242, 126, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.004 · DOI
- AF Maurer, 2012, Bioavailable Sr-87/Sr-86 in different environmental samples—Effects of anthropogenic contamination and implications for isoscapes in past migration studies, Science of the Total Environment, 433, 216, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.046 · DOI · Paper page
- DN Grimstead, 2017, Why a Standardization of Strontium Isotope Baseline Environmental Data Is Needed and Recommendations for Methodology, Advances in Archaeological Practice, 5, 184, 10.1017/aap.2017.6 · DOI · Paper page
- JA Evans, 2012, A summary of strontium and oxygen isotope variation in archaeological human tooth enamel excavated from Britain, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 27, 754, 10.1039/c2ja10362a · DOI
- JA Evans, 2010, Spatial variations in biosphere 87Sr/86Sr in Britain, Journal of the Geological Society, 167, 1, 10.1144/0016-76492009-090 · DOI · Paper page
- JA Hoogewerff, 2019, Bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr in European soils: A baseline for provenancing studies, Science of The Total Environment
- KM Frei, 2011, The geographic distribution of strontium isotopes in Danish surface waters—A base for provenance studies in archaeology, hydrology and agriculture, Applied Geochemistry, 26, 326, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.12.006 · DOI · Paper page
- KM Frei, 2013, Exploring the potential of the strontium isotope tracing system, Denmark. Danish Journal of Archaeology, 2, 113
- KM Frei, 2017, A matter of months: High precision migration chronology of a Bronze Age female, Plos One, 12, e0178834, 10.1371/journal.pone.0178834 · DOI
- TD Price, 2011, Who was in Harold Bluetooth´s army? Strontium isotope investigation of the cemetery at the Viking Age fortress at Trelleborg, Denmark, Antiquity, 85, 476, 10.1017/S0003598X00067880 · DOI
- KM Frei, 2012, Strontium isotopes and human mobility in prehistoric Denmark, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 103, 10.1007/s12520-011-0087-7 · DOI
- R Frei, 2013, The geographic distribution of Sr isotopes from surface waters and soil extracts over the island of Bornholm (Denmark)—A base for provenance studies in archaeology and agriculture, Applied Geochemistry, 38, 147, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.09.007 · DOI · Paper page
- C Cavazzuti, 2019, Flows of people in villages and large centres in Bronze Age Italy through strontium and oxygen isotopes, PLOS ONE, 14, e0209693, 10.1371/journal.pone.0209693 · DOI
- GJ van Klinken, 1999, Bone Collagen Quality Indicators for Palaeodietary and Radiocarbon Measurements, Journal of Archaeological Science, 26, 687, 10.1006/jasc.1998.0385 · DOI
- C. Bronk Ramsey, 2009, Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates, Radiocarbon, 51, 337, 10.1017/S0033822200033865 · DOI · Paper page
- AR Millard, 2014, Conventions for Reporting Radiocarbon Determinations, Radiocarbon, 56, 555, 10.2458/56.17455 · DOI
- SJ AlQahtani, 2009, Atlas of tooth development and eruption
- JE Buikstra, 1994, Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains
- DR Brothwell, 1988, Digging up bones
- L Scheuer, 2000, Developmental Juvenile Osteology
- M Trotter, 1958, A re‐evaluation of estimation of stature based on measurements of stature taken during life and of long bones after death, Ammerican Journal of Physical Anthropology, 16, 79, 10.1002/ajpa.1330160106 · DOI · Paper page
- CB Ruff, 2012, Stature and Body Mass Estimation From Skeletal Remains in the European Holocene, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 148, 601, 10.1002/ajpa.22087 · DOI
- TD Price, 2017, Multi-isotope proveniencing of human remains from a Bronze Age battlefield in the Tollense Valley in northeast Germany, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
- C Knipper, 2017, Female exogamy and gene pool diversification at the transition from the Final Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age in central Europe, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- S Bergerbrant, 2017, New Perspectives on the Bronze Age, 37, 10.2307/j.ctv1pzk2c1.8 · DOI
- K-G Sjögren, 2016, Diet and Mobility in the Corded Ware of Central Europe, Plos One, 11, e0155083, 10.1371/journal.pone.0155083 · DOI
- M Pearson, 2016, Beaker people in Britain: Migration, mobility and diet, Antiquity, 90, 620, 10.15184/aqy.2016.72 · DOI
- TD Price, 2004, Strontium Isotopes and Prehistoric Human Migration: The Bell Beaker Period in Central Europe, European Journal of Archaeology, 7, 9, 10.1177/1461957104047992 · DOI
- J Wahl, 2013, Local and foreign males in a late Bronze Age cemetery at Neckarsulm, south-western Germany: strontium isotope investigations, Anthropologischer Anzeiger, 70, 289, 10.1127/0003-5548/2013/0334 · DOI
- P. Bennike, 1999, The Early Neolithic Danish bogs finds: A strange group of people, Bog Bodies, Sacred Sites and wetland Archaeology: Exeter, 27
- K-G Sjögren, 2017, Early Neolithic Human Bog Finds from Falbygden, Western Sweden: New Isotopic, Osteological and Histological Investigations, Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, 19, 97
- Die Flintdolche Dänemarks, 1973, Nordiske Fortidsminder Serie B Bind 1
- K. Kristiansen, 2013, The Archaeology of Households, 235
- K. Ebbesen, 2005, En gravplads fra ældre bronzealder ved Sebber Skole. Gravfund med flintdolke af type VI, Aarbøger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie 2002, 7
- E Aner, 1973, Die Funde der älteren Bronzeziet des nordischen kreises in Dänemark, Schleswig-Holstein und Niedersachsen
- P. Bennike, 1985, Paleopathology of Danish skeletons
- TD Price, 2015, Nau. Isotopic baselines in the North Atlantic Region, Journal of the North Atlantic (Special Issue: Viking Settlers of the North Atlantic: An Isotopic Approach), 7, 103
- M Blank, 2018, Isotope values of the bioavailable strontium in inland southwestern Sweden—A baseline for mobility studies, Plos One, 13, e0204649, 10.1371/journal.pone.0204649 · DOI
- K-G Sjögren, 2009, Megaliths and mobility in south-western Sweden. Investigating relationships between a local society and its neighbours using strontium isotopes, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 28, 85, 10.1016/j.jaa.2008.10.001 · DOI
- TD Price, 2014, The Peopling of the North Atlantic: Isotopic Results from Norway
- VM Oelze, 2012, There is no place like home’—No isotopic evidence for mobility at the Early Bronze Age Cemetery of Singen, Germany, Archaeometry, 54, 752, 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00644.x · DOI
- S Voerkelius, 2010, Strontium isotopic signatures of natural mineral waters, the reference to a simple geological map and its potential for authentication of food, Food Chemistry, 118, 933, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.125 · DOI
- KM Frei, 2015, Forging Identities The Mobility of Culture in Bronze Age Europe, 55
- S Bergerbrant, 2013, Appearance in Bronze Age Scandinavia as Seen from the Nybøl burial, European Journal of Archaeology, 16, 247, 10.1179/1461957112Y.0000000026 · DOI
- E Aner, 1981, Die Funde der älteren Bronzeziet des nordischen kreises in Dänemark, Schleswig-Holstein und Niedersachsen
- K. Christensen, 2006, Dendrochronological Dating of Bronze Age Oak Coffins from Denmark and Schleswig, Acta Archaeologica, 77, 163
- E Aner, 2001, Die Funde der älteren Bronzeziet des nordischen kreises in Dänemark, Schleswig-Holstein und Niedersachsen
- HC Broholm, 1943, Danmarks bronzealder: Kultur og folk i den äldre bronzealder
- J-H Bech, 2018, Bronze Age Settlement and Land-use in Thy, Northwest Denmark, 25
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Schjerven, N., Bilotti, G., Kempf, M., & Reiter, S. S. (2026) · OPEN Archaeology · doi:10.1515/opar-2025-0077
Metadata
- Authors
- Frei, K. M., Bergerbrant, S., Sjögren, K.-G., Jørkov, M. L., Lynnerup, N., Harvig, L., Allentoft, M. E., Sikora, M., Price, T. D., Frei, R., & Kristiansen, K.
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2019-08-21
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e0219850
- ISSN
- 1932-6203
- PMC
- PMC6703675
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 4
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Carlsbergfondet (CF18-0005, CF15-0878)
- European Research Council (269442)
- Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (M16-0455:1)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
