The SARS-CoV-2 ORF10 is not essential in vitro or in vivo in humans
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 genome annotation revealed the presence of 10 open reading frames (ORFs), of which the last one (ORF10) is positioned downstream of the N gene. It is a hypothetical gene, which was speculated to encode a 38 aa protein. This hypothetical protein does not share sequence similarity with any other known protein and cannot be associated with a function. While the role of this ORF10 was proposed, there is growing evidence showing that the ORF10 is not a coding region. Here, we identified SARS-CoV-2 variants in which the ORF10 gene was prematurely terminated. The disease was not attenuated, and the transmissibility between humans was maintained. Also, in vitro , the strains replicated similarly to the related viruses with the intact ORF10. Altogether, based on clinical observation and laboratory analyses, it appears that the ORF10 protein is not essential in humans. This observation further proves that the ORF10 should not be treated as the protein-coding gene, and the genome annotations should be amended.
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There is little evidence that ORF10 and ORF14 have functional relevance.
“However, there is little evidence of the functional relevance of ORF10 and ORF14 26,27 .”
From Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020 (2021) · cites this paper as [27]
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Panzera, Y., Cortinas, M. N., Marandino, A. E., Calleros, L., Bórmida, V., Goñi, N., Techera, C., Grecco, S., Williman, J., Ramas, V., et al. (2022) · Gene Reports · doi:10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101703 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Science’s Response to COVID-19Preprint
Aye, Y., & Long, M. J. C. (2021) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0416.v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Islam, S., Charnley, M., Bindra, G. K., Ratcliffe, J., Zhou, J., Mezzenga, R., Hulett, M. D., Han, K., Berryman, J. T., & Reynolds, N. P. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.24.469537 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Viral population genomics reveals host and infectivity impact on SARS-CoV-2 adaptive landscapePreprint
Gayvert, K., Copin, R., McKay, S., Setliff, I., Lim, W., Baum, A., Kyratsous, C., & Atwal, G. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.12.30.474516 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
From Minor Mutant to Dominance, the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 VariantsPreprint
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Mapping the host protein interactome of non-coding regions in SARS-CoV-2 genomePreprint
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- Authors
- Pancer, K., Milewska, A., Owczarek, K., Dabrowska, A., Kowalski, M., Łabaj, P. P., Branicki, W., Sanak, M., & Pyrc, K.
- Affiliations
- Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego PZH – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy (PL)
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Pancer, Katarzyna
- Sanak, Marek
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS Pathogens
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2020-12-10
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e1008959
- ISSN
- 1553-7366 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-7374
- PMC
- PMC7755277
- OpenAlex
- W3111804069
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- new_version (2020-12-22)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS Pathogens (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (Subsidy for the research on the SARS-CoV-2.)
- Narodowe Centrum Nauki (UMO-2017/27/B/NZ6/02488)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, ORF10, early termination, viral variants, viral replication, transmissibility, genome annotation, hypothetical protein, COVID-19 pandemic
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Poland, Viral Proteins, Virus Replication, Open Reading Frames, Genome, Viral, Codon, Nonsense, In Vitro Techniques
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