Evidence for a Heritable General Factor of Personality in Two Studies
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Two studies were conducted to see whether a general factor of personality (GFP) could be extracted from different measures of personality. Using samples of twins in both studies also allowed an assessment of the extent to which genetic and/ or environmental factors contributed to individual differences in the GFPs that were found. In Study 1, principal components analysis of the Big Five personality traits in combination with four scales of mental toughness yielded a strong GFP and behavior genetic model-fitting showed that individual differences in this GFP were fully accounted for by genetic and nonshared environmental factors. In Study 2, a GFP was extracted from the Big Five traits in combination with 15 facets of emotional intelligence. Individual differences in this GFP were also fully accounted for by genetic and nonshared environmental factors. These studies add to the growing body of research demonstrating the existence of a GFP and replicate one previous report of its heritability.
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Trait EI ought to be integrated into multilevel personality hierarchies, somewhere between highly specific traits at their base and the broad general factor at their apex.
“The fact that a GFP can be extracted from combined personality - trait EI datasets (Veselka, Schermer, Petrides, & Vernon, 2009) corroborates the view that the latter construct ought to be integrated into multilevel personality hierarchies, somewhere between the highly specific traits at their base and the broad general factor at their apex.”
From Developments in Trait Emotional Intelligence Research (2016) · cites this paper as Veselka, Schermer, Petrides, & Vernon, 2009
A General Factor of Personality can be extracted from combined personality-trait EI datasets.
“The fact that a GFP can be extracted from combined personality - trait EI datasets (Veselka, Schermer, Petrides, & Vernon, 2009) corroborates the view that the latter construct ought to be integrated into multilevel personality hierarchies, somewhere between the highly specific traits at their base and the broad general factor at their apex.”
From Developments in Trait Emotional Intelligence Research (2016) · cites this paper as Veselka, Schermer, Petrides, & Vernon, 2009
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Micó, J. C., Amigó, S., & Caselles, A. (2012) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n2.38896 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Conceptual and Historical Perspectives
Cloninger, S. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.004 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Micó, J. C., Caselles, A., Amigó, S., Cotolí, A., & Sanz, M. T. (2013) · Systems Research and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/sres.2241 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The General Factor of Personality: A reply to Muncer
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Davies, S. E. (2014) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Personality, Preferences and Socioeconomic Behavior
Ferguson, E., Zhao, K., & Smillie, L. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.044 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Temperament and Brain Networks of Attention
Rothbart, M. K., Posner, M. I., & Sheese, B. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.016 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Biesanz, J. C., & Wallace, J. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.006 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hawes, M. T., Klein, D. N., Olino, T. M., & Kotov, R. (2023) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104375 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dynamics of the general factor of personality: A predictor mathematical tool of alcohol misuse
Amigó, S., Caselles, A., Micó, J. C., Sanz, M. T., & Soler, D. (2020) · Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences · doi:10.1002/mma.6218 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Personality in Clinical Psychology
Widiger, T. A., & McCabe, G. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.042 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
States and Situations, Traits and Environments
Asendorpf, J. B., & Rauthmann, J. F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Veselka, L., Schermer, J. A., Just, C., Hur, Y., Rushton, J. P., Jeong, H., & Vernon, P. A. (2012) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1017/thg.2012.21 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationBeyond metacognition: The dominant role of the general factor of personality in learning adaptation
Wu, P. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35147 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Controversies in Differential Psychology and Behavior Genetics: A Sociological Analysis
Menie, M. A. W. O., Sarraf, M. A., & Peñaherrera‐Aguirre, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29148-7_25 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Veselka, L., Schermer, J. A., Petrides, K. V., & Vernon, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Vernon, Philip Anthony
- Venue
- Twin Research and Human Genetics
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-06-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 254-260
- ISSN
- 1832-4274 (ISSN-L)
- 1839-2628
- OpenAlex
- W2170324944
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 17.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Twin Research and Human Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- general factor of personality, heritability, Big Five personality traits, mental toughness, emotional intelligence, genetic factors, nonshared environment, twin studies, individual differences, replication
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Individuality, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Personality Assessment, Personality Inventory, Social Environment, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic
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