A Pilot Study To Examine the Effects of Smoking Cessation on Serum Markers of Inflammation in Women at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Open accessAbstract
Background The links among smoking, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well established. Several studies have demonstrated that quitting smoking reverses the risk of coronary heart disease within 5 to 10 years. However, the immediate effects of quitting smoking on inflammatory biomarkers associated with CVD risk have not been well described.Methods In this pilot study, we examined a panel of circulating inflammatory biomarkers associated with CVD in "at-risk" women during the smoking cessation program. Forty-six women enrolled in a smoking cessation program consented to attend four study visits over 6 to 7 weeks. Health/medical information and blood were collected at each visit. Circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR)-I, sTNFR-II, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1 were measured, and changes between baseline levels (visit 1, while smoking) and visits 2 through 4 were determined.Results Significant reductions in circulating levels of TNF, sTNFR-I, sTNFR-II, and sVCAM-1 were observed among participants over the course of the smoking cessation program. Serum levels of both IL-6 and CRP declined during the smoking cessation program; the changes were not statistically significant, however.Conclusions These findings suggest there are rapid consequences of smoking cessation on inflammatory biomarkers in women at risk for CVD. Additional, larger studies including diverse smokers desiring to quit are required to confirm changes in "measurable milestones" that could serve as motivating factors to assist smokers to quit.
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Smoking cessation has anti-inflammatory effects.
“antiinflammatory effects from exercise 113 , Mediterranean diet 114 , improved sleep 115 and smoking cessation 116”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [116]
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- Authors
- Reichert, V., Xue, X., Bartscherer, D., Jacobsen, D., Fardellone, C., Folan, P., Kohn, N., Talwar, A., & Metz, C. N.
- Affiliations
- Northwell Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Metz, Christine N.
- Venue
- Chest
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 212-219
- ISSN
- 0012-3692 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2707500
- OpenAlex
- W2041506422
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- CHEST Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM070727)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, inflammation, cardiovascular risk, women, C-reactive protein, TNF-α, interleukin-6, soluble TNF receptors, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, inflammatory markers, smoking cessation interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Interleukin-6, Smoking Cessation, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Inflammation Mediators, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
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