The DOI matches its Crossref record; 189 of the 189 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease: Implications in the Pathology, Pathogenesis and Treatment
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the major cause of dementia among the elderly world-wide, manifests in familial and sporadic forms, and the latter variety accounts for the majority of the patients affected by this disease. The etiopathogenesis of sporadic AD is complex and uncertain. The autopsy studies of AD brain have provided limited understanding of the antemortem pathogenesis of the disease. Experimental AD research with transgenic animal or various cell based models has so far failed to explain the complex and varied spectrum of AD dementia. The review, therefore, emphasizes the importance of AD related risk factors, especially those with metabolic implications, identified from various epidemiological studies, in providing clues to the pathogenesis of this complex disorder. Several metabolic risk factors of AD like hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia and type 2 diabetes have been studied extensively both in epidemiology and experimental research, while much less is known about the role of adipokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines and vitamin D in this context. Moreover, the results from many of these studies have shown a degree of variability which has hindered our understanding of the role of AD related risk factors in the disease progression. The review also encompasses the recent recommendations regarding clinical and neuropathological diagnosis of AD and brings out the inherent uncertainty and ambiguity in this area which may have a distinct impact on the outcome of various population-based studies on AD-related risk factors.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Given that more than 95% of all AD cases are sporadic [635]”
From Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [635]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915
McKhann, G. M., Knopman, D. S., Chertkow, H., Hyman, B. T., Jack, C. R., Kawas, C. H., Klunk, W. E., Koroshetz, W. J., Manly, J. J., Mayeux, R., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005 · Cited by 18,657
Albert, M. S., DeKosky, S. T., Dickson, D., Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Fox, N. C., Gamst, A., Holtzman, D. M., Jagust, W. J., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008 · Cited by 10,152 · cited 2×
“[18] Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, et al.”
BackgroundFrom inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395
Sperling, R. A., Aisen, P. S., Beckett, L. A., Bennett, D. A., Craft, S., Fagan, A. M., Iwatsubo, T., Jack, C. R., Kaye, J., Montine, T. J., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.003 · Cited by 7,155
Inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease
Akiyama, H. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00124-x · Cited by 4,514
Yamauchi, T., Kamon, J., Minokoshi, Y., Ito, Y., Waki, H., Uchida, S., Yamashita, S., Noda, M., Kita, S., Ueki, K., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm788 · Cited by 4,238
Hearing loss and cognitive decline in older adults
Lin, F. R., Yaffe, K., Xia, J., Xue, Q.-L., Harris, T. B., Purchase-Helzner, E., Satterfield, S., Ayonayon, H. N., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E. M., et al. (2013) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1868 · Cited by 4,017
Neuropathological alterations in Alzheimer disease
Serrano-Pozo, A., Frosch, M. P., Masliah, E., & Hyman, B. T. (2011) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006189 · Cited by 3,345
Plasma Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
Seshadri, S., Beiser, A., Selhub, J., Jacques, P. F., Rosenberg, I. H., D'Agostino, R. B., Wilson, P. W. F., & Wolf, P. A. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011613 · Cited by 3,237
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Evans RM, Hui S, Perkins A, Lahiri DK, Poirier J, Farlow MR (2004). Cholesterol and APOE genotype interact to influence Alzheimer disease progression. Neurology, 62:1869-1871. · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–135 of 135
Alzheimer’s Disease as a Disease of Evolutionary Mismatch, with a Focus on Reproductive Life History
Fox, M. M. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009030564.019 · Cited by 4
Schwartzenburg, J., Cruise, S. C., Reed, R. E., Hutchinson, C. M., Mirzalieva, O., Edwards, K. N., Edwards, S., Gilpin, N. W., Molina, P. E., & Desai, S. D. (2023) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2023.0074 · Cited by 4
Kaur, S., Kumar, P., & Singh, S. (2019) · Current Psychopharmacologye · doi:10.2174/2211556009666191231155927 · Cited by 4
Protein folding, cellular stress and cancer
Aranda‐Anzaldo, A., Dent, M. A. R., Segura-Anaya, E., & Martínez-Gómez, A. (2024) · Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.07.001 · Cited by 4
The PPARG Pro12Ala Polymorphism and 20-year Cognitive Decline
West, N. A., Tingle, J. V., Simino, J. M., Selvin, E., Bressler, J., & Mosley, T. H. (2017) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0000000000000217 · Cited by 3
Aptamer Detection of Neurodegenerative Disease Biomarkers
Xi, H., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1712-0_15 · Cited by 3
Mohamed, R. A., Abdelaziz, R. H., Mohamed, M. S., Ahmed, N. H., & Ahmed, R. M. (2025) · Next research. · doi:10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100979 · Cited by 7
Mapping key mitochondrial genes in Alzheimer’s disease through human tissue and iPSC derived neurons
Dong, D., Ahmed, W., Sagar, R., Boyd, R. J., & Mahairaki, V. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-27019-4 · Cited by 3
Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Profiles in Alzheimer’s Dementia Patients: A Bioinformatic Approach
Misra, A., Chakrabarti, S. S., Gambhir, I. S., Baghel, M. S., & Patil, Y. R. (2023) · Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · doi:10.4103/aian.aian_206_23 · Cited by 2
Self-citationRentsch, P., Ganesan, K., Langdon, A., Konen, L. M., & Vissel, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1421900 · Cited by 3
Envejecimiento, educación, hipertensión arterial, reserva cognitiva y deterioro cognitivo
Pineda, D. A. (2015) · Acta neurológica colombiana · doi:10.22379/2422402281 · Cited by 2
Exploring the skin as an open window onto neurodegenerative diseases
Lozzi, F., Camera, E., Cardinali, G., & Nardo, A. D. (2025) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-025-00522-4 · Cited by 3
Therapeutic Potential of Leptin in Neurodegenerative Disease
Harvey, J. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13122969 · Cited by 1
Metabolic Shifts Precede Cognitive Decline in the Male hAß‐KI Alzheimer's Mouse Model
Melekh, E., Cook, E. L., Stante, J. G., Marais, A. A. T., Mohammad, A., Beaudette, S. M., Ward, W. E., Fajardo, V. A., & MacPherson, R. E. K. (2026) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202602435rr · Cited by 1
Modelling Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Hall, V. J. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/63521 · Cited by 1
Chauhan, A., Bhutani, K., Bir, A., Singh, A., Chakrabarti, S. S., Saini, A. K., Chakrabarti, S., & Ghosh, A. (2025) · Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102150 · Cited by 2
Self-citationInsulin resistance and Alzheimer’s disease
Farooqui, A. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819603-8.00006-7 · Cited by 1
Vasconcelos, I. C. (2018) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2018.tde-17042018-155058
Terapia celular y génica con timulina E IGF-1 en modelos animales de neuroinflamación
Villar, M. F. Z. (2018) · El Servicio de Difusión de la Creación Intelectual (National University of La Plata) · doi:10.35537/10915/71572
A Case-Control Study: The Relationship between Alzheimer's disease and Metabolic Syndrome
Varlıbaş, F., & Akhan, O. (2020) · International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research · doi:10.7176/jstr/6-03-42
Linking adiponectin and obesity in dementia
Bednarska‐Makaruk, M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815868-5.00048-7
Aptamers for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Qu, J. T., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-4838-7_12
Wang, J., Guo, X., Lu, W., Liu, J., Zhang, H., Quan, Q., Su, H., Ma, L., Gao, F., & Qu, Q. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-40600/v1
Obésité et résistance centrale à la leptine
Heng, S., Betin, M., & Limon, I. (2022) · médecine/sciences · doi:10.1051/medsci/2022116
Treatment and Preventive Measures of Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Perspective
Hakim, M. (2023) · Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research · doi:10.3329/jcamr.v9i2.67798
Harris, B. N., Yavari, M., Ramalingam, L., Mounce, P., Maldonado, K. A., Chavira, A., Thomas, S., Scoggin, S. O., Biltz, C., & Moustaïd‐Moussa, N. (2024) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000536586 · Cited by 1
Analysis of transporter activity in an Alzheimer’s disease blood-brain barrier cell model
Chaves, J. (2024) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.248279
Infusion of blood from young and old mice modulates amyloid pathology
Pizarro, M., Gomez‐Gutierrez, R., Caviedes, A., Valdes, C., Woehlbier, U., Vargas, C., Hernández, M., Duran-Aniotz, C. A., & Morales, R. (2025) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.206319
Bruno, F., Spadafora, P., Abondio, P., Qualtieri, A., Paparazzo, E., Aceto, M. A., Veltri, I., Benedittis, S. D., Greco, B. M., Cerantonio, A., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2026.1733593
Reinhardt, A. M., Theron, A., Tantoh, A. L. A., Malan, F. P., Panayides, J., & Riley, D. L. (2026) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.119259
Circulating biochemical signatures of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease
Eliazer, G. R., & Kandasamy, M. (2026) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2026.06.004
Alshammari, F., Al‐kuraishy, H. M., Abdelaziz, A. M., Alruwaili, M., & Batiha, G. E. (2026) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2026.117618
Metadata
- Authors
- Chakrabarti, S., Kumar Khemka, V., Banerjee, A., Chatterjee, G., Ganguly, A., & Biswas, A.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IN)
- Bangur Institute of Neurosciences (IN)
- Venue
- Aging and disease
- Publisher
- Aging and Disease
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 282
- ISSN
- 2152-5250 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4509477
- OpenAlex
- W2103890427
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 189
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 10.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Aging and Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- sporadic Alzheimer's disease, metabolic risk factors, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, type 2 diabetes, adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, vitamin D, Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, neuropathology, dementia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
