Cited by 659Problem and Project Based LearningInnovations in Medical EducationBiomedical and Engineering Education

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The effects of problem-based learning during medical school on physician competency: a systematic review

Open access

Koh, G. C.-H., Khoo, H. E., Wong, M. L., Koh, D.·2008·Canadian Medical Association Journal

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews on the effects of problem-based learning have been limited to knowledge competency either during medical school or postgraduate training. We conducted a systematic review of evidence of the effects that problem-based learning during medical school had on physician competencies after graduation. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Databases, and the tables of contents of 5 major medical education journals from earliest available date through Oct. 31, 2006. We included studies in our review if they met the following criteria: problem-based learning was a teaching method in medical school, physician competencies were assessed after graduation and a control group of graduates of traditional curricula was used. We developed a scoring system to assess the quality of the studies, categorized competencies into 8 thematic dimensions and used a second system to determine the level of evidence for each competency assessed. RESULTS: Our search yielded 102 articles, of which 15 met inclusion criteria after full text review. Only 13 studies entered final systematic analysis because 2 studies reported their findings in 2 articles. According to self-assessments, 8 of 37 competencies had strong evidence in support of problem-based learning. Observed assessments had 7 competencies with strong evidence. In both groups, most of these competencies were in the social and cognitive dimensions. Only 4 competencies had moderate to strong levels of evidence in support of problem-based learning for both self-and observed assessments: coping with uncertainty (strong), appreciation of legal and ethical aspects of health care (strong), communication skills (moderate and strong respectively) and self-directed continuing learning (moderate). INTERPRETATION: Problem-based learning during medical school has positive effects on physician competency after graduation, mainly in social and cognitive dimensions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1503/cmaj.070565

Cites

51 of 51 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Defining and Assessing Professional Competence
Epstein, R. M. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.2.226 · Cited by 3,114
The Transition
Petersdorf, R. G. (1993) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-199301000-00012 · Cited by 2,503
Accuracy of Physician Self-assessment Compared With Observed Measures of Competence: A Systematic Review
Davis, D. A., Mazmanian, P. E., Fordis, M., Van Harrison, R., Thorpe, K. E., & Perrier, L. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.9.1094 · Cited by 2,375
Problem based learning
Wood, D. F. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7384.328 · Cited by 2,140
Effects of problem-based learning: a meta-analysis
Dochy, F., Segers, M., Van den Bossche, P., & Gijbels, D. (2003) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/s0959-4752(02)00025-7 · Cited by 1,713
Does problem-based learning work? A meta-analysis of evaluative research
Vernon, D. T., & Blake, R. L. (1993) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-199307000-00015 · Cited by 1,456
Curriculum development for medical education a six-step approach
Thomas, P. A., Kern, D. E., Hughes, M. T., Tackett, S. A., & Chen, B. Y. (2022) · Cited by 1,239
Effectiveness of Problem-based Learning Curricula: Research and Theory
Colliver, J. A. (2000) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200003000-00017 · Cited by 917
Comment: Educational research: The hardest science of all
Berliner, D. C. (2002) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x031008018 · Cited by 772
Effectiveness of problem‐based learning curricula: theory, practice and paper darts
Norman, G. R., & Schmidt, H. G. (2000) · Medical Education · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2000.00749.x · Cited by 712

Show all 51 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Dochy F, Segers M. Bossche van den P, Gijbels D. Effects of PBL: a meta-analysis. Learning and Instruction 2003;13:533-68.
Wood DF. ABC of learning and teaching in medicine: problem based learning. BMJ 2003;326:328-30.

Sorted by citations

Systematic review on the effectiveness of augmented reality applications in medical training
Barsom, E. Z., Graafland, M., & Schijven, M. P. (2016) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-016-4800-6 · Cited by 672
Effectiveness of problem-based learning methodology in undergraduate medical education: a scoping review
Trullàs, J. C., Blay, C., Sarri, E., & Pujol, R. (2022) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-022-03154-8 · Cited by 473
Problem-Based Learning and Medical Education Forty Years On
Neville, A. J. (2008) · Medical Principles and Practice · doi:10.1159/000163038 · Cited by 417
Theory to reality: a few issues in implementing problem-based learning
Hung, W. (2011) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-011-9198-1 · Cited by 398
Constructivist, Problem-Based Learning Does Work: A Meta-Analysis of Curricular Comparisons Involving a Single Medical School
Schmidt, H. G., van der Molen, H. T., Winkel, W. T., & Wijnen, W. (2009) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520903213592 · Cited by 383
Learning styles and approaches to learning among medical undergraduates and postgraduates
Samarakoon, L. B., Fernando, T., Rodrigo, C., & Rajapakse, S. (2013) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-13-42 · Cited by 352
Problem‐based learning
Allen, D. E., Donham, R. S., & Bernhardt, S. A. (2011) · New Directions for Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1002/tl.465 · Cited by 297
Not Another Boring Lecture: Engaging Learners with Active Learning Techniques
Wolff, M., Wagner, M. J., Poznanski, S., Schiller, J. H., & Santen, S. A. (2014) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.09.010 · Cited by 279
Cognition Before Curriculum
Kulasegaram, K. M., Martimianakis, M. A., Mylopoulos, M., Whitehead, C. R., & Woods, N. N. (2013) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3182a45def · Cited by 256
Penerapan model problem-based learning untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar siswa
Nafiah, Y. N., & Suyanto, W. (2014) · Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi · doi:10.21831/jpv.v4i1.2540 · Cited by 237
Burnout among medical students during the first years of undergraduate school: Prevalence and associated factors
Boni, R. A. D. S., Paiva, C. E., de Oliveira, M. A., Lucchetti, G., Fregnani, J. H. T. G., & Paiva, B. S. R. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191746 · Cited by 230
Problem-based learning: Where are we now?
Taylor, D. C. M., & Miflin, B. (2008) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590802217199 · Cited by 209
Job requirements compared to medical school education: differences between graduates from problem-based learning and conventional curricula
Schlett, C. L., Doll, H., Dahmen, J., Polacsek, O., Federkeil, G., Fischer, M. R., Bamberg, F., & Butzlaff, M. E. (2010) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-10-1 · Cited by 200
Rehabilitation impact indices and their independent predictors: a systematic review
Koh, G. C., Huijun, C. C., Petrella, R. J., & Thind, A. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003483 · Cited by 197
Self-citation
Impact of problem-based learning in a large classroom setting: student perception and problem-solving skills
Klegeris, A., & Hurren, H. (2011) · AJP Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advan.00046.2011 · Cited by 192
Problem-based learning in pre-clinical medical education: 22 years of outcome research
Hartling, L., Spooner, C., Tjosvold, L., & Oswald, A. (2010) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/01421590903200789 · Cited by 191
Perceptions of UK medical graduates’ preparedness for practice: A multi-centre qualitative study reflecting the importance of learning on the job
Illing, J. C., Morrow, G., Kergon, C., Burford, B. C., Baldauf, B., Davies, C., Peile, E., Spencer, J. A., Johnson, N., Allen, M. E., et al. (2013) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-13-34 · Cited by 198
Context matters when striving to promote active and lifelong learning in medical education
Berkhout, J. J., Helmich, E., Teunissen, P. W., van der Vleuten, C. P. M., & Jaarsma, D. A. D. C. (2017) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.13463 · Cited by 201
A comparison of problem-based learning and conventional teaching in nursing ethics education
Lin, C., Lu, M., Chung, C., & Yang, C.-M. (2010) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/0969733009355380 · Cited by 167
Situating Higher-Order, Critical, and Critical-Analytic Thinking in Problem- and Project-Based Learning Environments: A Systematic Review
Loyens, S. M. M., van Meerten, J. E., Schaap, L., & Wijnia, L. (2023) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-023-09757-x · Cited by 370
PBL and Beyond: Trends in Collaborative Learning
Pluta, W. J., Richards, B. F., & Mutnick, A. (2013) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1080/10401334.2013.842917 · Cited by 167
Problem-based learning (PBL): Getting the most out of your students – Their roles and responsibilities: AMEE Guide No. 84
Bate, E., Hommes, J. E., Duvivier, R. J., & Taylor, D. (2013) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2014.848269 · Cited by 167
`Listen to me, tell me': a qualitative study of partnership in care for people with non-specific chronic low back pain
Slade, S. C., Molloy, E., & Keating, J. L. (2009) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215508100468 · Cited by 142
Medical graduates’ preparedness to practice: a comparison of undergraduate medical school training
Miles, S., Kellett, J. E., & Leinster, S. (2017) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-017-0859-6 · Cited by 126
Problem–Based Learning in Dental Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Bassir, S. H., Sadr‐Eshkevari, P., Amirikhorheh, S., & Karimbux, N. Y. (2014) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2014.78.1.tb05661.x · Cited by 124
Use of a problem-based learning teaching model for undergraduate medical and nursing education: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Sayyah, M., Shirbandi, K., Saki-Malehi, A., & Rahim, F. (2017) · Advances in Medical Education and Practice · doi:10.2147/amep.s143694 · Cited by 123
Cognitive and learning sciences in biomedical and health instructional design: A review with lessons for biomedical informatics education
Patel, V. L., Yoskowitz, N. A., Arocha, J. F., & Shortliffe, E. H. (2008) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.12.002 · Cited by 133
Using team-based learning to prepare medical students for future problem-based learning
Abdelkhalek, N., Hussein, A., Gibbs, T. J., & Hamdy, H. (2010) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/01421590903548539 · Cited by 124
Problem‐Based Learning: A Strategic Learning System Design For The Education Of Healthcare Professionals in the 21ST Century
Gwee, M. C. (2009) · The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1607-551x(09)70067-1 · Cited by 119
Problem‐based learning in academic health education. A systematic literature review
Polyzois, I., Claffey, N. M., & Mattheos, N. (2010) · European Journal Of Dental Education · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0579.2009.00593.x · Cited by 119
An Overview of Case–Based and Problem–Based Learning Methodologies for Dental Education
Nadershahi, N. A., Bender, D. J., Beck, L., Lyon, C., & Blaseio, A. (2013) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2013.77.10.tb05603.x · Cited by 110
Transformação da educação médica: é possível formar um novo médico a partir de mudanças no método de ensino-aprendizagem?
Gomes, A. P., & Rêgo, S. (2011) · Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica · doi:10.1590/s0100-55022011000400016 · Cited by 109
Preparedness for practice: The perceptions of medical graduates and clinical teams
Morrow, G., Johnson, N., Burford, B. C., Rothwell, C., Spencer, J., Peile, E., Davies, C., Allen, M. E., Baldauf, B., Morrison, J., et al. (2012) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2012.643260 · Cited by 111
What would happen to education if we take education evidence seriously?
van der Vleuten, C. P. M., & Driessen, E. W. (2014) · Perspectives on Medical Education · doi:10.1007/s40037-014-0129-9 · Cited by 110
Effectiveness of teaching evidence-based medicine to undergraduate medical students: A BEME systematic review: BEME Guide No. 31
Ahmadi, S., Baradaran, H. R., & Ahmadi, E. (2014) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2014.971724 · Cited by 105
Medical education: past, present and future
Norman, G. R. (2012) · Perspectives on Medical Education · doi:10.1007/s40037-012-0002-7 · Cited by 103
A review to identify key perspectives in PBL meta-analyses and reviews: trends, gaps and future research directions
Hung, W., Dolmans, D. H. J. M., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2019) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-019-09945-x · Cited by 110
Effectiveness of problem based learning as an instructional tool for acquisition of content knowledge and promotion of critical thinking among medical students.
Tayyeb, R. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 100
Problem-Based Learning: Lessons From Medical Education and Challenges for Management Education
Ungaretti, T., Thompson, K. R., Miller, A., & Peterson, T. O. (2014) · Academy of Management Learning and Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2013.0245 · Cited by 99
Enhancing students’ learning in problem based learning: validation of a self-assessment scale for active learning and critical thinking
Khoiriyah, U., Roberts, C., Jorm, C. M., & van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2015) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-015-0422-2 · Cited by 101
Promoting Skills for Innovation in Higher Education
Hoidn, S., & Kärkkäinen, K. (2014) · OECD education working papers · doi:10.1787/5k3tsj67l226-en · Cited by 118
Scaffolding for Optimal Challenge in K–12 Problem-Based Learning
Kim, N. J., Belland, B. R., & Axelrod, D. B. (2018) · Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning · doi:10.7771/1541-5015.1712 · Cited by 106
Virtual Reality in Higher Education
Fabris, C. P., Rathner, J. A., Fong, A. Y., & Sevigny, C. P. (2019) · International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education · doi:10.30722/ijisme.27.08.006 · Cited by 88
Evaluating learning among undergraduate medical students in schools with traditional and problem-based curricula
Meo, S. A. (2013) · AJP Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advan.00031.2013 · Cited by 87
What drives students’ self-directed learning in a hybrid PBL curriculum
Lee, Y., Mann, K. V., & Frank, B. W. (2009) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-009-9210-2 · Cited by 87
Evidence-based practice and the ethics of discretion
Gambrill, E. D. (2010) · Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1177/1468017310381306 · Cited by 87
Problem-based learning: a review
Bodagh, N., Bloomfield, J., Birch, P., & Ricketts, W. M. (2017) · British Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.12968/hmed.2017.78.11.c167 · Cited by 86
Connecting problem-solving and knowledge-construction processes in a visualization-based learning environment
Wang, M., Wu, B., Kinshuk, Chen, N., & Spector, J. M. (2013) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.05.004 · Cited by 85
Back from basics: integration of science and practice in medical education
Bandiera, G. W., Kuper, A., Mylopoulos, M., Whitehead, C. R., Ruetalo, M., Kulasegaram, K. M., & Woods, N. N. (2017) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.13386 · Cited by 81
The Effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning Teaching Model for Use in Introductory Chinese Undergraduate Medical Courses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Zhang, Y., Zhou, L., Liu, X., Liu, L., Wu, Y., Zhao, Z., Yi, D., & 易东 (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120884 · Cited by 80
Students’ perception towards the problem based learning tutorial session in a system-based hybrid curriculum
Al-Drees, A. A., Khalil, M. S., Irshad, M., & Abdulghani, H. M. (2015) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/smj.2015.3.10216 · Cited by 77
Effect of problem-based learning in pharmacology education: A meta-analysis
Liu, L., Du, X., Zuo, Z., & Zhou, J. (2018) · Studies In Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2018.11.004 · Cited by 82
Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas na formação médica e o currículo tradicional de Medicina: uma revisão bibliográfica
Gomes, R., Brino, R. D. F., Aquilante, A. G., & de Avó, L. R. D. S. (2009) · Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica · doi:10.1590/s0100-55022009000300014 · Cited by 75
Virtual patients: A year of change
Poulton, T., & Balasubramaniam, C. (2011) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2011.613501 · Cited by 75
Dysfunctional problem-based learning curricula: resolving the problem
Lim, W. K. (2012) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-12-89 · Cited by 71
The ubiquity of uncertainty: a scoping review on how undergraduate health professions’ students engage with uncertainty
Moffett, J., Hammond, J., Murphy, P., & Pawlikowska, T. R. B. (2021) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-021-10028-z · Cited by 68
Comparison of the problem based learning-driven with the traditional didactic-lecture-based curricula
Zahid, M. A., Varghese, R., Mohammed, A. M., & Ayed, A. K. (2016) · International Journal of Medical Education · doi:10.5116/ijme.5749.80f5 · Cited by 69
Registered nurses' application of evidence‐based practice: a national survey
Boström, A., Ehrenberg, A., Gustavsson, P. J., & Wallin, L. (2009) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01316.x · Cited by 67
The effectiveness of the hybrid problem-based learning approach in the teaching of biology: a comparison with lecture-based learning
Carrió, M., Larramona, P., Baños, J.-E., & Pérez, J. (2011) · Journal of Biological Education · doi:10.1080/00219266.2010.546011 · Cited by 67
Student Motivation in Response to Problem-based Learning
Fukuzawa, S., Boyd, C., & Cahn, J. (2017) · Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching · doi:10.22329/celt.v10i0.4748 · Cited by 74
Problems of problem-based learning: Towards transformative critical pedagogy in medical education
Cavanagh, A., Vanstone, M. G., & Ritz, S. A. (2019) · Perspectives on Medical Education · doi:10.1007/s40037-018-0489-7 · Cited by 75
Scenario training in police academies: developing students’ higher-level thinking skills
Werth, E. P. (2011) · Police Practice and Research · doi:10.1080/15614263.2011.563970 · Cited by 64
Changes in Educational Methodologies in Predoctoral Dental Education: Finding the Perfect Intersection
Hendricson, W. D. (2012) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2012.76.1.tb05240.x · Cited by 61
Adopting a blended learning approach to teaching evidence based medicine: a mixed methods study
Ilić, D., Hart, W. G., Fiddes, P., Misso, M. L., & Villanueva, E. (2013) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-13-169 · Cited by 63
Introducing a problem-based learning program: 12 tips for success
Azer, S. A. (2011) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2011.558137 · Cited by 59
Problem-based learning in continuing medical education: review of randomized controlled trials.
Al-Azri, H., & Ratnapalan, S. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 60
The Benefits of Adopting a Problem-Based Learning Approach on Students’ Learning Developments in Secondary Geography Lessons
Caesar, M. I. M., Jawawi, R., Matzin, R., Shahrıll, M., Jaidin, J. H., & Mundia, L. (2016) · International Education Studies · doi:10.5539/ies.v9n2p51 · Cited by 58
Problem-Based Learning
Loyens, S. M. M., Wijnia, L., Duker, I., & Rikers, R. M. J. P. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.861 · Cited by 62
Managing Problem-based Learning: Challenges and Solutions for Educational Practice
Mansor, A. N., Abdullah, N. O., Wahab, J. L. A., Rasul, M. S., Nor, M. Y. M., & Rauf, R. A. A. (2015) · Asian Social Science · doi:10.5539/ass.v11n4p259 · Cited by 69
Improved performance of students instructed in a hybrid PBL format
Lian, J., & He, F. (2013) · Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education · doi:10.1002/bmb.20666 · Cited by 57
A Case-Based, Problem-Based Learning Approach to Prepare Master of Public Health Candidates for the Complexities of Global Health
León, J. S., Winskell, K., McFarland, D. A., & del Rı́o, C. (2015) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2014.302416 · Cited by 56
Undergraduate teaching and learning in physical geography
Day, T. (2012) · Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment · doi:10.1177/0309133312442521 · Cited by 54
Medical Student Perspectives of Active Learning: A Focus Group Study
Walling, A. D., Istas, K., Bonaminio, G. A., Paolo, A. M., Fontes, J. D., Davis, N., & Berardo, B. A. (2016) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1080/10401334.2016.1247708 · Cited by 54
How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries?
Nundy, S., Kakar, A., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5248-6 · Cited by 63
Development of knowledge in basic sciences: a comparison of two medical curricula
Nouns, Z. M., Schauber, S. K., Witt, C. M., Kingreen, H., & Schüttpelz‐Brauns, K. (2012) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.12047 · Cited by 53
Problem based learning in chronic disease management: A review of the research
Williams, B., & Pace, A. E. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.03.004 · Cited by 53
The influence of an integrated PBL format on geography students’ perceptions of their self-directedness in learning
Golightly, A. (2018) · Journal of Geography in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03098265.2018.1463974 · Cited by 51
Is problem‐based learning an ideal format for developing ethical decision skills?
Harasym, P. H., Tsai, T., & Munshi, F. M. (2013) · The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.kjms.2013.05.005 · Cited by 50
Reflective learning with complex problems in a visualization-based learning environment with expert support
Wang, M., Yuan, B., Kirschner, P. A., Kushniruk, A. W., & Peng, J. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.025 · Cited by 49
The Analysis of Teaching of Medical Schools (AToMS) survey: an analysis of 47,258 timetabled teaching events in 25 UK medical schools relating to timing, duration, teaching formats, teaching content, and problem-based learning
Devine, O., Harborne, A. C., Horsfall, H. L., Joseph, T., Marshall-Andon, T., Samuels, R., Kearsley, J. W., Abbas, N., Baig, H., Beecham, J., et al. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01571-4 · Cited by 48
The lecture-free curriculum: Setting the stage for life-long learning: AMEE Guide No. 135
Parmelee, D. X., Roman, B. J. B., Overman, I., & Alizadeh, M. (2020) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2020.1789083 · Cited by 48
Effectiveness of a combined problem-based learning and flipped classroom teaching method in ophthalmic clinical skill training
Wang, A., Xiao, R., Zhang, C., Yuan, L., Lin, N., Yan, L., Wang, Y., Yu, J., Huang, Q., Gan, P., et al. (2022) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-022-03538-w · Cited by 47
Active learning on the ward: outcomes from a comparative trial with traditional methods
Prado, H. M., Neto, G. H. F., Falbo, A. R., & Figueirôa, J. N. (2011) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03846.x · Cited by 47
Self-Directed Learning for the 21st Century: Implications for Higher Education
Bergamin, P. B., Bosch, C., Toit, A. D., Goede, R., Golightly, A., Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., Kruger, C., Laubscher, D. J., Lubbe, A., et al. (2019) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2019.bk134 · Cited by 66
Application of problem-based learning and case-based learning integrated method in the teaching of maxillary sinus floor augmentation in implant dentistry
Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Li, Y., & Wu, Q. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.8353 · Cited by 46
Graduates from a reformed undergraduate medical curriculum based on Tomorrow's Doctorsevaluate the effectiveness of their curriculum 6 years after graduation through interviews
Watmough, S. D., O’Sullivan, H., & Taylor, D. (2010) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-10-65 · Cited by 45
Problem-based learning makes a difference. But why?
Norman, G. (2007) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.071590 · Cited by 45
Contextual considerations in implementing problem-based learning approaches in a Brazilian medical curriculum: the UNAERP experience
Bestetti, R. B., Couto, L. B., Romão, G. S., Araújo, G. T., & Restini, C. B. A. (2014) · Medical Education Online · doi:10.3402/meo.v19.24366 · Cited by 45
Short‐Term Outcomes Of A Near‐Full PBL Curriculum In A New Taiwan Medical School
Tsou, K., Cho, S., Lin, C., Sy, L. B., Yang, L., Chou, T., & Chiang, H. (2009) · The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1607-551x(09)70075-0 · Cited by 45
Critical thinking and clinical skills by problem-based learning educational methods: an umbrella systematic review
Ge, W., Zhu, X.-Y., Lin, J., Jiang, J., Li, T., Lu, Y., Mi, Y., & Tung, T. (2025) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-025-06951-z · Cited by 44
Perceptions of the preparedness of medical graduates for internship responsibilities in district hospitals in Kenya: a qualitative study
Muthaura, P. N., Khamis, T., Ahmed, M., & Hussain, S. R. (2015) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-015-0463-6 · Cited by 44
International Medical Graduates (IMGs) in the UK—a Systematic Review of Their Acculturation and Adaptation
Khan, F. A., Chikkatagaiah, S., Shafiullah, M., Nasiri, M., Saraf, A., Sehgal, T., Rana, A., Tadros, G., & Kingston, P. (2014) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-014-0368-y · Cited by 43
Creation and Assessment of an Active e-Learning Introductory Geology Course
Sit, S. M., & Brudzinski, M. R. (2017) · Journal of Science Education and Technology · doi:10.1007/s10956-017-9703-3 · Cited by 43
Predicting doctor performance outcomes of curriculum interventions: problem‐based learning and continuing competence
Norman, G. R., Wenghofer, E., & Klass, D. (2008) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03131.x · Cited by 40
SimMed
von Zadow, U., Buron, S., Harms, T., Behringer, F., Sostmann, K., & Dachselt, R. (2013) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2470654.2466196 · Cited by 42
Problem Based Learning in physiotherapy education: a practice perspective
Gunn, H., Hunter, H., & Haas, B. M. (2011) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.physio.2011.05.005 · Cited by 42
Dysphagia Rehabilitation: Similarities and Differences in Three Areas of the World
González‐Fernández, M., Huckabee, M., Doeltgen, S., Inamoto, Y., Kagaya, H., & Saitoh, E. (2013) · Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports · doi:10.1007/s40141-013-0035-9 · Cited by 42
Effects of additional team-based learning on students’ clinical reasoning skills: a pilot study
Jost, M., Brüstle, P., Giesler, M., Rijntjes, M., & Brich, J. (2017) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2614-9 · Cited by 44
The Silent Dimension
Schattner, A. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.103 · Cited by 42
The role of environmental and individual characteristics in the development of student achievement: a comparison between a traditional and a problem-based-learning curriculum
Schauber, S. K., Hecht, M., Nouns, Z. M., Kuhlmey, A., & Dettmer, S. (2015) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-015-9584-2 · Cited by 48

Authors: Koh, G. C.-H., Khoo, H. E., Wong, M. L., & Koh, D.
Affiliations: National University of Singapore (SG)
ORCID: Koh, G. C.-H.
Wong, M. L.
Koh, D.
Venue: Canadian Medical Association Journal
Publisher: CMA Joule Inc.
Published: 2008-01-01
Volume: 178
Issue: 1
Pages: 34-41
ISSN: 0820-3946 (ISSN-L)
1488-2329
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.070565
PMC: PMC2151117
OpenAlex: W2145936815
Cited by: 659
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 21.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Locations: Canadian Medical Association Journal (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
Funders: National University of Singapore
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Problem and Project Based Learning
Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Medical Education
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biomedical and Engineering Education
Keywords: problem-based learning, medical education, physician competence, medical graduates, competency assessment, communication skills, coping with uncertainty, self-directed learning
MeSH terms: Clinical Competence, Curriculum, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Humans, Schools, Medical, Problem-Based Learning

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The effects of problem-based learning during medical school on physician competency: a systematic review

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks