The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Changes in relative fitness and frailty across the adult lifespan: evidence from the Canadian National Population Health Survey
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of frailty increases with age in older adults, but frailty is largely unreported for younger adults, where its associated risk is less clear. Furthermore, less is known about how frailty changes over time among younger adults. We estimated the prevalence and outcomes of frailty, in relation to accumulation of deficits, across the adult lifespan. METHODS: We analyzed data for community-dwelling respondents (age 15-102 years at baseline) to the longitudinal component of the National Population Health Survey, with seven two-year cycles, beginning 1994-1995. The outcomes were death, use of health services and change in health status, measured in terms of a Frailty Index constructed from 42 self-reported health variables. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 14,713 respondents (54.2% women). Vital status was known for more than 99% of the respondents. The prevalence of frailty increased with age, from 2.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7%-2.4%) among those younger than 30 years to 22.4% (95% CI 19.0%-25.8%) for those older than age 65, including 43.7% (95% CI 37.1%-50.8%) for those 85 and older. At all ages, the 160-month mortality rate was lower among relatively fit people than among those who were frail (e.g., 2% v. 16% at age 40; 42% v. 83% at age 75 or older). These relatively fit people tended to remain relatively fit over time. Relative to all other groups, a greater proportion of the most frail people used health services at baseline (28.3%, 95% CI 21.5%-35.5%) and at each follow-up cycle (26.7%, 95% CI 15.4%-28.0%). INTERPRETATION: Deficits accumulated with age across the adult spectrum. At all ages, a higher Frailty Index was associated with higher mortality and greater use of health care services. At younger ages, recovery to the relatively fittest state was common, but the chance of complete recovery declined with age.
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Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W. J., Burke, G., et al. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 · Cited by 24,907
A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people
Rockwood, K. (2005) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.050051 · Cited by 8,968
Self-citationUnderstanding the odd science of aging
Kirkwood, T. B. L. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.01.027 · Cited by 1,984
A comparison of two approaches to measuring frailty in elderly people
Rockwood, K., Andrew, M., & Mitnitski, A. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.7.738 · Cited by 1,291
Self-citationTransitions between frailty states among community-living older persons
Gill, T. M., Gahbauer, E. A., Allore, H. G., & Han, L. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.4.418 · Cited by 1,141 · cited 1×
“The antecedents of frailty appear to arise some time before old age, although how frailty emerges as people age, whether it carries the same risk at all ages and the extent to which it fluctuates are less clear.(9,10) In the study reported here, we evaluated changes in relative fitness and frailty across the adult lif…”
BackgroundPrevalence and 10‐Year Outcomes of Frailty in Older Adults in Relation to Deficit Accumulation
Song, X., Mitnitski, A., & Rockwood, K. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02764.x · Cited by 1,104 · cited 3×
“We weighted the data by applying the longitudinal response master variables from the National Population Health Survey.”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationFrailty Defined by Deficit Accumulation and Geriatric Medicine Defined by Frailty
Rockwood, K., & Mitnitski, A. (2011) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2010.08.008 · Cited by 994
Self-citationEnsrud, K. E. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2007.113 · Cited by 975
Trajectories of disability in the last year of life
Gill, T. M., Gahbauer, E. A., Han, L., & Allore, H. G. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0909087 · Cited by 894
Antecedents of Frailty Over Three Decades in an Older Cohort
Strawbridge, W. J., Shema, S. J., Balfour, J. L., Higby, H. R., & Kaplan, G. A. (1998) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/53b.1.s9 · Cited by 455
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Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing
Patton, G. C., Sawyer, S. M., Santelli, J. S., Ross, D. A., Afifi, R., Allen, N. B., Arora, M., Azzopardi, P., Baldwin, W., Bonell, C., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00579-1 · Cited by 3,785
Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review
Collard, R. M., Boter, H., Schoevers, R. A., & Oude Voshaar, R. C. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x · Cited by 3,073
Bagshaw, S. M., Stelfox, H. T., McDermid, R. C., Rolfson, D. B., Tsuyuki, R. T., Baig, N., Artiuch, B., Ibrahim, Q., Stollery, D. E., Rokosh, E., et al. (2014) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.130639 · Cited by 555
Collerton, J., Martin-Ruiz, C., Davies, K., Hilkens, C. M., Isaacs, J., Kolenda, C., Parker, C., Dunn, M., Catt, M., Jagger, C., et al. (2012) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2012.05.005 · Cited by 420
Verschoor, C. P., Johnstone, J., Millar, J., Dorrington, M. G., Habibagahi, M., Lelic, A., Loeb, M., Bramson, J. L., & Bowdish, D. M. E. (2013) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0912461 · Cited by 235
Metadata
- Authors
- Rockwood, K., Song, X., & Mitnitski, A.
- Venue
- Canadian Medical Association Journal
- Publisher
- CMA Joule Inc.
- Published
- 2011-04-26
- Volume
- 183
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- E487-E494
- ISSN
- 0820-3946 (ISSN-L)
- 1488-2329
- OpenAlex
- W2113870267
- Cited by
- 573
- References
- 28
- FWCI
- 11.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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